中华健康管理学杂志
中華健康管理學雜誌
중화건강관이학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT
2015年
1期
69-72
,共4页
林存智%许俊华%李金凤%王芳芳%张华%王海荣%朱新红
林存智%許俊華%李金鳳%王芳芳%張華%王海榮%硃新紅
림존지%허준화%리금봉%왕방방%장화%왕해영%주신홍
结核菌素试验%结核,肺%累积发病率%健康管理
結覈菌素試驗%結覈,肺%纍積髮病率%健康管理
결핵균소시험%결핵,폐%루적발병솔%건강관리
Tuberculin skin test%Tuberculosis,pulmonary%Cumulative incidence rate%Health management
目的:分析健康体检者结核病筛查结果,研究结核菌素试验(TST)强阳性者10年内发病情况,为TST强阳性人群的化学预防提供理论依据。方法选取无结核病的健康体检者12598名,其中在校大学生8896名,农民工2496名,有活动性肺结核密切接触者1206名,进行TST,筛查强阳性人群和结核病患者。对强阳性人群行胸部X线检查和痰抗酸杆菌检测,诊断为结核病者给予规范抗结核治疗,对肺部正常未采取异烟肼预防的强阳性人群429名随访10年,观察3年内和第4~10年结核病发病情况及规范抗结核治疗者复发情况。分析不同人群发病率差异,组间比较使用χ2检验。结果 TST筛查出肺结核病患者37例,检出率为0.29%(37/12598)。其中大学生、农民工和密切接触者分别为11例(0.12%,11/8896)、12例(0.48%,12/2496)和14例(1.16%,14/1206),检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.40,P=0.000);强阳性人数897名,强阳性率7.12%(897/12598),其中大学生、农民工和密切接触者强阳性分别为316名(3.55%,316/8896)、388名(15.54%,388/2496)和193名(16.00%,193/1206),强阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=583.04,P=0.000),且大学生低于农民工和密切接触者(χ2=483.51和344.11,P<0.01)。10年内随访429名TST强阳性者,有54名发病,肺结核累积发病率12.58%(54/429),其中大学生、农民工和密切接触者结核病累积发病率分别为9.21%(14/152)、9.58%(18/188)和24.72%(22/89),后者高于前两者(χ2=10.63和11.21,P<0.001)。失访75人,失访率17.48%(75/429),其中大学生、农民工和密切接触者失访率分别为7.89%(12/152)、28.19%(53/188)和11.23%(10/89),失访率差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.59,P=0.000)。其中3年内,429名被随访者中有31名发病,累积发病率7.23%(31/429),大学生、农民工和密切接触者累积发病率分别为5.92%(9/152)、5.32%(10/188)和13.48%(12/89),累积发病率有统计学意义(χ2=6.60,P=0.037)。4~10年内,398名被随访者中有23名发病,累积发病率5.78%(23/398),与3年内发病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.50,P=0.37)。大学生、农民工和密切接触者累积发病率分别为3.49%(5/143)、4.49%(8/178)和12.99%(10/77),密切接触者与大学生和农民工比较累积发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.10和5.91, P<0.001)。37例患者经规范抗结核治疗1年,随访至10年内无一例复发。结论进城农民工和活动性肺结核密切接触者是结核病高危人群,TST强阳性者易罹患结核病,农民工流动性强,应加强对其管理,定期健康查体。
目的:分析健康體檢者結覈病篩查結果,研究結覈菌素試驗(TST)彊暘性者10年內髮病情況,為TST彊暘性人群的化學預防提供理論依據。方法選取無結覈病的健康體檢者12598名,其中在校大學生8896名,農民工2496名,有活動性肺結覈密切接觸者1206名,進行TST,篩查彊暘性人群和結覈病患者。對彊暘性人群行胸部X線檢查和痰抗痠桿菌檢測,診斷為結覈病者給予規範抗結覈治療,對肺部正常未採取異煙肼預防的彊暘性人群429名隨訪10年,觀察3年內和第4~10年結覈病髮病情況及規範抗結覈治療者複髮情況。分析不同人群髮病率差異,組間比較使用χ2檢驗。結果 TST篩查齣肺結覈病患者37例,檢齣率為0.29%(37/12598)。其中大學生、農民工和密切接觸者分彆為11例(0.12%,11/8896)、12例(0.48%,12/2496)和14例(1.16%,14/1206),檢齣率差異有統計學意義(χ2=31.40,P=0.000);彊暘性人數897名,彊暘性率7.12%(897/12598),其中大學生、農民工和密切接觸者彊暘性分彆為316名(3.55%,316/8896)、388名(15.54%,388/2496)和193名(16.00%,193/1206),彊暘性率差異有統計學意義(χ2=583.04,P=0.000),且大學生低于農民工和密切接觸者(χ2=483.51和344.11,P<0.01)。10年內隨訪429名TST彊暘性者,有54名髮病,肺結覈纍積髮病率12.58%(54/429),其中大學生、農民工和密切接觸者結覈病纍積髮病率分彆為9.21%(14/152)、9.58%(18/188)和24.72%(22/89),後者高于前兩者(χ2=10.63和11.21,P<0.001)。失訪75人,失訪率17.48%(75/429),其中大學生、農民工和密切接觸者失訪率分彆為7.89%(12/152)、28.19%(53/188)和11.23%(10/89),失訪率差異有統計學意義(χ2=17.59,P=0.000)。其中3年內,429名被隨訪者中有31名髮病,纍積髮病率7.23%(31/429),大學生、農民工和密切接觸者纍積髮病率分彆為5.92%(9/152)、5.32%(10/188)和13.48%(12/89),纍積髮病率有統計學意義(χ2=6.60,P=0.037)。4~10年內,398名被隨訪者中有23名髮病,纍積髮病率5.78%(23/398),與3年內髮病率比較差異無統計學意義(χ2=2.50,P=0.37)。大學生、農民工和密切接觸者纍積髮病率分彆為3.49%(5/143)、4.49%(8/178)和12.99%(10/77),密切接觸者與大學生和農民工比較纍積髮病率差異有統計學意義(χ2=7.10和5.91, P<0.001)。37例患者經規範抗結覈治療1年,隨訪至10年內無一例複髮。結論進城農民工和活動性肺結覈密切接觸者是結覈病高危人群,TST彊暘性者易罹患結覈病,農民工流動性彊,應加彊對其管理,定期健康查體。
목적:분석건강체검자결핵병사사결과,연구결핵균소시험(TST)강양성자10년내발병정황,위TST강양성인군적화학예방제공이론의거。방법선취무결핵병적건강체검자12598명,기중재교대학생8896명,농민공2496명,유활동성폐결핵밀절접촉자1206명,진행TST,사사강양성인군화결핵병환자。대강양성인군행흉부X선검사화담항산간균검측,진단위결핵병자급여규범항결핵치료,대폐부정상미채취이연정예방적강양성인군429명수방10년,관찰3년내화제4~10년결핵병발병정황급규범항결핵치료자복발정황。분석불동인군발병솔차이,조간비교사용χ2검험。결과 TST사사출폐결핵병환자37례,검출솔위0.29%(37/12598)。기중대학생、농민공화밀절접촉자분별위11례(0.12%,11/8896)、12례(0.48%,12/2496)화14례(1.16%,14/1206),검출솔차이유통계학의의(χ2=31.40,P=0.000);강양성인수897명,강양성솔7.12%(897/12598),기중대학생、농민공화밀절접촉자강양성분별위316명(3.55%,316/8896)、388명(15.54%,388/2496)화193명(16.00%,193/1206),강양성솔차이유통계학의의(χ2=583.04,P=0.000),차대학생저우농민공화밀절접촉자(χ2=483.51화344.11,P<0.01)。10년내수방429명TST강양성자,유54명발병,폐결핵루적발병솔12.58%(54/429),기중대학생、농민공화밀절접촉자결핵병루적발병솔분별위9.21%(14/152)、9.58%(18/188)화24.72%(22/89),후자고우전량자(χ2=10.63화11.21,P<0.001)。실방75인,실방솔17.48%(75/429),기중대학생、농민공화밀절접촉자실방솔분별위7.89%(12/152)、28.19%(53/188)화11.23%(10/89),실방솔차이유통계학의의(χ2=17.59,P=0.000)。기중3년내,429명피수방자중유31명발병,루적발병솔7.23%(31/429),대학생、농민공화밀절접촉자루적발병솔분별위5.92%(9/152)、5.32%(10/188)화13.48%(12/89),루적발병솔유통계학의의(χ2=6.60,P=0.037)。4~10년내,398명피수방자중유23명발병,루적발병솔5.78%(23/398),여3년내발병솔비교차이무통계학의의(χ2=2.50,P=0.37)。대학생、농민공화밀절접촉자루적발병솔분별위3.49%(5/143)、4.49%(8/178)화12.99%(10/77),밀절접촉자여대학생화농민공비교루적발병솔차이유통계학의의(χ2=7.10화5.91, P<0.001)。37례환자경규범항결핵치료1년,수방지10년내무일례복발。결론진성농민공화활동성폐결핵밀절접촉자시결핵병고위인군,TST강양성자역리환결핵병,농민공류동성강,응가강대기관리,정기건강사체。
Objective To analyze the results of screening for tuberculosis (TB) in health examination participants and study the spontaneous occurrence of TB in the subjects with strong positive reaction to tuberculin skin test (TST) in ten years. Method Totally 12 598 health examination participants without past TB history were selected, of whom 8 896 were college students, 2 496 migrant workers and 1 206 had close contacts with active TB patients. They were screened by TST with strong positive reaction. All of subjects with TST strong positive results received chest X-ray examination and sputum acid-fast bacteria detection. The subjects diagnosed to have TB were given regularly anti-tuberculosis drugs treatment and followed up for ten years. The 429 subjects without TB and no isoniazid preventive treatment were chosen to be followed up for ten years and spontaneous occurrence of TB in first three years and the fourth to tenth years respectively, as well as the recurrence of TB for the patients who received anti-tuberculosis regimen were recorded. Result Thirty-seven cases were diagnosed as TB by TST screening, and the total detection rate was 0.29% (37/12 598). Among them 11 were college students (0.12%, 11/8 896), 12 were migrant workers (0.48%, 12/2 496) and 14 were close contacts (1.16%, 14/1 206) respectively. The detection rates were different among the three groups (χ2=31.40, P=0.000). Among 897 strong positive subjects, the strong positive rate was 7.12%(897/12 598), 316 were college students (3.55%, 316/8 896), 388 migrants workers (15.54%, 388/2 496), and 193 close contacts (16.00%, 193/1 206) respectively. There was significant difference in strong positive rate among the three groups (χ2=583.04, P=0.000), and the strong positive rate of college students was lower compared with that of the migrant workers and the close contacts (χ2=483.51 and 344.11, P<0.01). In ten years, 54 subjects were diagnosed as TB in 429 subjects with strong positive reaction to TST, the spontaneous cumulative incidence rate was 12.58% (54/429). Among them, the cumulative morbidity rate was 9.21%(14/152) in college students, 9.58%(18/188) in migrant workers and 24.72%(22/89) in close contacts respectively. The spontaneous morbidity rate of close contacts was higher than that of college students and migrant workers(χ2=10.63 and 11.21, P<0.001); 75 were lost in 398 participants, the dropout rate was 18.84%(75/398). In first three years of follow-up, 31 were diagnosed TB in 429 participants, the cumulative incidence rate was 7.23% (31/429). Of them 9 were college students (5.92%, 9/152), 10 migrant workers (5.32%, 10/188) and 12 close contacts (13.48%, 12/89) respectively (χ2=6.60, P=0.037). In the fourth to tenth years of follow-up, 23 were diagnosed TB in 398 participants, the cumulative incidence rate was 5.78% (23/398), which was not significantly different compared with the cumulative incidence rate of the first three years (χ2=2.50, P=0.37). Tirty-seven patients received standard anti-tuberculosis drug therapy for one year, no one of them had recurrence at ten-year follow-up. Conclusion The migrant workers and close contacts are the high-risk populations for TB. All of them with strong positive response to TST results are susceptible to TB. So regular physical examination is recommended for them and health management should be strengthened.