CAJ | 학술논문

背景：在全世界范围内创伤导致的脊髓损伤使每年超过18万人出现永久性的功能障碍。近年来大量实验证实，生理条件下MicroRNA在神经系统存在特异性表达并发挥重要作用。目的：论述损伤如何影响MicroRNA的表达和在脊髓损伤中这些变化的病理生理学意义及miRNA在组织工程化和临床脊髓损伤修复中的发展潜力。方法：通过计算机检索2000年1月至2014年12月PubMed和中国期刊数据库中的相关文章，检索词为“SCI， microRNA，Transcriptional control，Clinical research progress”，“脊髓损伤、微小RNA、转录调控和临床应用”，最终选定38篇文章作为文章参考文献。结果与结论：最初的机械损伤引发了一系列复杂的二次伤害，其中包括神经、血管和免疫系统，这在很大程度上影响了脊髓功能损伤的严重程度。脊髓二次损伤主要取决于与细胞生化机制相关的某些特定基因的激活与失活，如半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶(caspase)基因家族，凋亡相关蛋白Fas及其配体Fasl系统，p53基因、凋亡相关基因bcl-2家族等。近期的研究证明，MicroRNA表达功能的激活在脊髓损伤起到关键作用。随着生物信息工程的发展，与MicroRNA相关的研究和控制表达技术逐步被人们所掌控，部分基于MicroRNA技术的临床应用已经进入临床试验阶段，相信随着技术的发展和成本的不断降低，未来人类通过 MicroRNA相关技术在基因水平调节和修复脊髓损伤所遗留下的永久性功能障碍。
배경：재전세계범위내창상도치적척수손상사매년초과18만인출현영구성적공능장애。근년래대량실험증실，생리조건하MicroRNA재신경계통존재특이성표체병발휘중요작용。목적：논술손상여하영향MicroRNA적표체화재척수손상중저사변화적병리생이학의의급miRNA재조직공정화화림상척수손상수복중적발전잠력。방법：통과계산궤검색2000년1월지2014년12월PubMed화중국기간수거고중적상관문장，검색사위“SCI， microRNA，Transcriptional control，Clinical research progress”，“척수손상、미소RNA、전록조공화림상응용”，최종선정38편문장작위문장삼고문헌。결과여결론：최초적궤계손상인발료일계렬복잡적이차상해，기중포괄신경、혈관화면역계통，저재흔대정도상영향료척수공능손상적엄중정도。척수이차손상주요취결우여세포생화궤제상관적모사특정기인적격활여실활，여반광안산천동안산특이성단백매(caspase)기인가족，조망상관단백Fas급기배체Fasl계통，p53기인、조망상관기인bcl-2가족등。근기적연구증명，MicroRNA표체공능적격활재척수손상기도관건작용。수착생물신식공정적발전，여MicroRNA상관적연구화공제표체기술축보피인문소장공，부분기우MicroRNA기술적림상응용이경진입림상시험계단，상신수착기술적발전화성본적불단강저，미래인류통과 MicroRNA상관기술재기인수평조절화수복척수손상소유류하적영구성공능장애。
BACKGROUND:In the whole world, spinal cord injuries caused by trauma lead to more than 180 000 people presenting with permanent impairment annualy. A large number of experiments have confirmed in recent years, under physiological conditions, microRNA has specific expression and plays an important role in the nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the changes in microRNA expression induced by injuries as wel as the pathophysiological significance in spinal cord injury, and to explore the development potential of microRNA in tissue-engineered and clinical repair of spinal cord injury. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and Chinese Journal Database was performed for related articles published from January 2000 to December 2014 using the keywords of “SCI, microRNA, transcriptional control, clinical research progress” in English and Chinese. Finaly, 38 articles were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechanical injury initialy triggers a series of complex secondary damages, including nervous, vascular and immune systems, which can influence the severity of spinal cord injury to a great extent. Secondary damage to the spinal cord is mainly attributed to the activation and deactivation of some specific genes associated with celular and biochemical mechanisms, such as cysteine aspartate specific protease (caspase) gene family, apoptosis related protein Fas and its ligand Fasl system, P53 gene, apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 family. Recent studies have proved that the functional activation of microRNA expression is the key to spinal cord injury. With the development of biological information engineering, studies and controling technologies associated with microRNA expression have been gradualy dominated, some clinical application based on microRNA technology has entered the clinical trial stage. It is believed that with the continuous development of technology and decrease of cost, permanent dysfunction due to spinal cord injury can be regulated and repaired through the microRNA technology at gene level in the future.