CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]对一栏1500头的大群体"吃、喝、拉、撒"进行观察管理，以期找到一些简单易行的指标作为大群体猪群的健康指标，为微生物发酵床大栏养殖大猪群生长性能管理提供经验。[方法]从猪的生长日龄和采食量的关系入手，以整群采食量、头均采食量、头均饮水量、群体健康级别划分，个体体长与体重的关系等为指标，研究不同日龄育肥猪的取食量和生长的关系，观察大猪群生长健康状况。[结果]微生物发酵床大栏养殖猪群（1500头）管理的研究，以猪日龄为核心，观察体重范围、平均体重、日增重、饲喂天数、日采食量范围、日均采食量、阶段采食量、累计采食量、料重比、累计料重比等，建立了一套猪群生长状况动态模型，包括猪体重（ y）与日龄（ x）模型：y=0.7589x-19.883（r2=0.9937）；猪增重（y）与日龄（x）幂指数关系模型：y=1.0395x0.5051（r2=0.8854）；日均采食量（y）与日龄（x）模型：y=0.0235x-0.3343（r2=0.9917）；猪料重比（y）与日龄（x）线性关系模型：y=0.022x＋0.4278（r2=0.9885）等，作为理论值，判别特定日龄下猪生长状况；微生物发酵床大栏养殖猪群的主要病害有：皮炎-痘状斑疹、拉稀-消化道疾病、咳嗽-呼吸道疾病、僵猪-营养不良、眼病-眼结膜炎、外伤-拐脚，未发现烈性传染病。[结论]当猪体重、猪增重、日均采食量、猪料重比实际值低于理论值时，必须寻找原因，加强猪的管理，观察表明，发酵床养猪更加有利于猪的生长。
[목적]대일란1500두적대군체"흘、갈、랍、살"진행관찰관리，이기조도일사간단역행적지표작위대군체저군적건강지표，위미생물발효상대란양식대저군생장성능관리제공경험。[방법]종저적생장일령화채식량적관계입수，이정군채식량、두균채식량、두균음수량、군체건강급별화분，개체체장여체중적관계등위지표，연구불동일령육비저적취식량화생장적관계，관찰대저군생장건강상황。[결과]미생물발효상대란양식저군（1500두）관리적연구，이저일령위핵심，관찰체중범위、평균체중、일증중、사위천수、일채식량범위、일균채식량、계단채식량、루계채식량、료중비、루계료중비등，건립료일투저군생장상황동태모형，포괄저체중（ y）여일령（ x）모형：y=0.7589x-19.883（r2=0.9937）；저증중（y）여일령（x）멱지수관계모형：y=1.0395x0.5051（r2=0.8854）；일균채식량（y）여일령（x）모형：y=0.0235x-0.3343（r2=0.9917）；저료중비（y）여일령（x）선성관계모형：y=0.022x＋0.4278（r2=0.9885）등，작위이론치，판별특정일령하저생장상황；미생물발효상대란양식저군적주요병해유：피염-두상반진、랍희-소화도질병、해수-호흡도질병、강저-영양불량、안병-안결막염、외상-괴각，미발현렬성전염병。[결론]당저체중、저증중、일균채식량、저료중비실제치저우이론치시，필수심조원인，가강저적관리，관찰표명，발효상양저경가유리우저적생장。
Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight (BW), daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average dai-ly feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days (d) were established. ln addition, the incidences of pox-like macula (dermatitis), diarrhea (gastrointestinal disease), cough (respiratory disease), stiff pig (malnutrition), conjunctivitis (eye disease) and foot inflection (trauma) among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and ac-cumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs: (1) the BW (y)-age (x) mod-el: y=0.758 9x-19.883 (r2=0.993 7); (2) the BW gain (y)-age (x) model: y=1.039 5x0.505 1 (r2=0.885 4); (3) the average daily feed intake (y)-age (x) model: y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 (r2=0.991 7); (4) the feed/gain ratio (y)-age (x) model: y=0.022x+0.427 8 (r2=0.988 5). Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at differ-ent growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula (der-matitis), diarrhea (gastrointestinal disease), cough (respiratory disease), stiff pig (mal-nutrition), conjunctivitis (eye disease) and foot inflection (trauma). The deadly infec-tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were al lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. ln particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. lt was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overal incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was al lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. lf the management of mattress was strength-ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.