CAJ | 학술논문

中国传统的社会资本包括两个方面：一是血缘联系的特殊主义信任，对圈内人与圈外人区别对待；二是对国家、民族的认同度高，富于与人为善、知恩图报、包容大度、自我牺牲等美德，为国家有效履行其职能提供了主流社会规范的有力支持。中国政治发展的条件、路径也因此呈现出独特性。一是认同危机较易解决，而建立有效政府的任务成为关键；二是整合危机成为经常面临的挑战，政府必须依赖道德及其他资源完成社会整合任务；三是强大的政府权威强化了既有的社会资本模式，使社会转型的过程异常漫长；四是利用中国传统社会资本的资源，在具体政策、过程层面实行的民主取向的改良要比影响政治制度架构的激烈变革措施效果更好。
중국전통적사회자본포괄량개방면：일시혈연련계적특수주의신임，대권내인여권외인구별대대；이시대국가、민족적인동도고，부우여인위선、지은도보、포용대도、자아희생등미덕，위국가유효리행기직능제공료주류사회규범적유력지지。중국정치발전적조건、로경야인차정현출독특성。일시인동위궤교역해결，이건립유효정부적임무성위관건；이시정합위궤성위경상면림적도전，정부필수의뢰도덕급기타자원완성사회정합임무；삼시강대적정부권위강화료기유적사회자본모식，사사회전형적과정이상만장；사시이용중국전통사회자본적자원，재구체정책、과정층면실행적민주취향적개량요비영향정치제도가구적격렬변혁조시효과경호。
There are two aspects that we can approach to China ’s social capital, which include microcosmic angle and macroscop-ic angle. As far as the former is concerned, it is particularism trust and attach no importance to universalism rules. As far as the later is concerned, Chinese has a highly identity to its nation, culture and social community, and is rich of traditional virtues, such as always having a good intention to others, tolerance, gratitude, self-sacrificing spirit, etc. The former make political power to be very important and necessary for social cooperation and collertive action, whereas the later attach giant authority to political system. Therefore, China ’s political development in modern time experienced a special path and had its own distinguishing features. First, to establish a powerful and effective political power became key and to solve the identity crisis became easily. Second, integration crisis was the greatest chal-lenge, in addition, the government had to take advantage of virtue resource to resolve this crisis inevitably. Third, the powerful govern-mental authority strengthed the existing social capital mode and prolonged the process of social transformation, and political moderniza-tion had to be a natural thing on the foundation of social transformation. Fourth, to develop the useful resource of traditional social capi-tal and to improve the concrete policies and processes gradually will be a better choice than to change political system and institutional framework thoroughly.