CAJ | 학술논문

陆地生态系统碳循环研究是全球变化与地球科学研究领域的前沿与热点问题，准确地评估陆地生态系统碳储量和碳汇量是估算未来大气 CO2浓度，预测气候变化及其对陆地生态系统影响的关键。已有相关研究多集中于对区域生态系统碳储量和碳汇量的量的估算，而缺乏针对时间尺度上的变化过程的分析，以及对变化特征空间差异性的分析。本研究基于MODIS NPP数据，结合土地利用数据及土壤有机碳密度分布数据，对三江源地区2000─2010年草地生态系统碳储量时空变化特征进行了分析，同时，基于MODIS GPP数据及China FLUX和America FLUX数据，建立草地生态系统呼吸估算模型，对其碳汇量的时空变化特征进行了分析，以期明确该地区的碳储存能力及其变化过程，为该区域草地生态系统保护和管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明：（1）三江源地区草地生态系统总碳储量为53.38×108 t，平均碳密度为14.94 kg·m-2（以C计）。土壤和植被碳储量分别为53.07×108 t和0.31×108 t，平均碳密度分别为14.85 kg·m-2和86.77 g·m-2。（2）近10多年来，三江源地区草地生态系统多年平均碳汇量为0.4×108 t，单位面积平均碳汇量为86.80 g·m-2·a-1（以C计），表明该地区草地生态体统是一个碳汇。（3）2000年以来，三江源地区草地生态系统总碳储量及总碳汇量均呈波动增加趋势，碳汇功能有所增强。（4）三江源地区草地生态系统碳储量及碳汇量的空间分布格局及其变化趋势的空间分布均呈现明显的空间差异性。（5）MODIS GPP/NPP数据能够支撑较大尺度草地生态系统碳储量及碳汇量格局与变化趋势分析，较传统方法更为便捷高效。
륙지생태계통탄순배연구시전구변화여지구과학연구영역적전연여열점문제，준학지평고륙지생태계통탄저량화탄회량시고산미래대기 CO2농도，예측기후변화급기대륙지생태계통영향적관건。이유상관연구다집중우대구역생태계통탄저량화탄회량적량적고산，이결핍침대시간척도상적변화과정적분석，이급대변화특정공간차이성적분석。본연구기우MODIS NPP수거，결합토지이용수거급토양유궤탄밀도분포수거，대삼강원지구2000─2010년초지생태계통탄저량시공변화특정진행료분석，동시，기우MODIS GPP수거급China FLUX화America FLUX수거，건립초지생태계통호흡고산모형，대기탄회량적시공변화특정진행료분석，이기명학해지구적탄저존능력급기변화과정，위해구역초지생태계통보호화관리제공과학의거。연구결과표명：（1）삼강원지구초지생태계통총탄저량위53.38×108 t，평균탄밀도위14.94 kg·m-2（이C계）。토양화식피탄저량분별위53.07×108 t화0.31×108 t，평균탄밀도분별위14.85 kg·m-2화86.77 g·m-2。（2）근10다년래，삼강원지구초지생태계통다년평균탄회량위0.4×108 t，단위면적평균탄회량위86.80 g·m-2·a-1（이C계），표명해지구초지생태체통시일개탄회。（3）2000년이래，삼강원지구초지생태계통총탄저량급총탄회량균정파동증가추세，탄회공능유소증강。（4）삼강원지구초지생태계통탄저량급탄회량적공간분포격국급기변화추세적공간분포균정현명현적공간차이성。（5）MODIS GPP/NPP수거능구지탱교대척도초지생태계통탄저량급탄회량격국여변화추세분석，교전통방법경위편첩고효。
Carbon cycling of terrestrial ecosystem has become the research front and focus of global change and geo-science. Precision evaluation of the carbon storage and carbon sink plays an important role in the assessment of future atmospheric CO2 concentration, climate change prediction and its impact on terrestrial ecosystem. Existing studies have mainly focused on the amount estimation of carbon storage and carbon sink of regional ecosystem, but analysis of the change process on time scale and the spatial difference of changing trend is limited. This paper uses MODIS GPP data, together with land use data and soil organic carbon density data to analyze the spatial-temporal change of carbon storage of grassland ecosystem in the Three-River Headwaters Region from 2000 to 2010. Meanwhile, the spatial-temporal change of carbon sink is analyzed using MODIS GPP, China FLUX and America Flux data applied in the modeling of grassland ecosystem respiration to specify the carbon-carrying capacity and its change process of the study area and provide scientific basis for protection and management of regional grassland ecosystem. The results show that:(1) the total carbon storage of grassland ecosystem is 53.38×108 t with the average carbon density of 14.94 kg·m-2 (measured in C). The carbon storage of soil and vegetation is 53.07×108 t and 0.31×108 t, respectively, with the average carbon density of 14.85 kg·m-2 and 86.77 g·m-2, respectively;(2) during recent 10 years, the total carbon sink of grassland ecosystem is 0.4×108 t with the average carbon sink per area of 86.80 g·m-2·a-1 (measured in C), which shows that the grassland ecosystem in the study area is a carbon sink;(3) both of the total amount of carbon storage and carbon sink of grassland ecosystem show an increasing trend since 2000;(4) the distribution of carbon storage and carbon sink of grassland ecosystem and their changing trend shows great spatial difference;(5) It is proved that the MODIS GPP/NPP data can be applied to analyze the carbon storage and carbon sink pattern, as well as its changing trend of grassland ecosystem in large scale, which is more efficient and convenient than traditional approach.