CAJ | 학술논문

土壤盐分是影响干旱区荒漠植物群落动态的决定因素之一。基于2012年5月和10月在艾比湿地调查的植物样方和实验得出的土壤表层盐分数据，利用聚类分析方法将39个土壤表层盐分数据划分为3个盐分梯度0.03%~0.73%（S1）、0.81%~1.73%（S2）和2.40%~3.12%（S3），分析艾比湖湿地植物群落植物多样性变化对土壤盐分环境梯度的响应。结果表明，（1）距湖15 km和距湖5 km采样点大部分处于第1个盐分梯度，属于轻度盐渍化；鸟岛、博河、鸭子湾、奎屯河、和距湖10 km处均处于第2个盐分梯度，盐渍化程度达到中-重度；湖边采样点，在3个盐分梯度各有分布。（2）3个盐分梯度上的主要植被类型不同：S1以梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、白刺（Nitraria tangutorum Bobr）为主，并且出现的植被种类较多（37种）；S2以柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、盐节木（Haloenemum strobilaceum）为主，出现的植被种类相对较少（11种）；S3以盐节木（Haloenemum strobilaceum）、盐角草（Salicornia europaea）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）为主，出现的植被种类较少（7种），随土壤盐含量的升高，植被种类减少、群落生活型结构有所改变，草本比例减少，灌木和乔木比例有所增加。（3）植物Simposon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数在中盐梯度下达到最大，最大值分别为0.84、2.28、3.82。（4）Pielow 指数则是随着盐分梯度的上升呈下降趋势，在低盐梯度下达到最大值，最大值为1.26。（5）多样性指数在S3梯度下整体显著降低，即土壤盐分含量为2.40%~3.12%时对艾比湖湿地植物多样性的影响较大。
토양염분시영향간한구황막식물군락동태적결정인소지일。기우2012년5월화10월재애비습지조사적식물양방화실험득출적토양표층염분수거，이용취류분석방법장39개토양표층염분수거화분위3개염분제도0.03%~0.73%（S1）、0.81%~1.73%（S2）화2.40%~3.12%（S3），분석애비호습지식물군락식물다양성변화대토양염분배경제도적향응。결과표명，（1）거호15 km화거호5 km채양점대부분처우제1개염분제도，속우경도염지화；조도、박하、압자만、규둔하、화거호10 km처균처우제2개염분제도，염지화정도체도중-중도；호변채양점，재3개염분제도각유분포。（2）3개염분제도상적주요식피류형불동：S1이사사（Haloxylon ammodendron）、정류（Tamarix ramosissima）、백자（Nitraria tangutorum Bobr）위주，병차출현적식피충류교다（37충）；S2이정류（Tamarix ramosissima）、염절목（Haloenemum strobilaceum）위주，출현적식피충류상대교소（11충）；S3이염절목（Haloenemum strobilaceum）、염각초（Salicornia europaea）、호위（Phragmites australis）위주，출현적식피충류교소（7충），수토양염함량적승고，식피충류감소、군락생활형결구유소개변，초본비례감소，관목화교목비례유소증가。（3）식물Simposon지수、Shannon-Wiener지수화Margalef지수재중염제도하체도최대，최대치분별위0.84、2.28、3.82。（4）Pielow 지수칙시수착염분제도적상승정하강추세，재저염제도하체도최대치，최대치위1.26。（5）다양성지수재S3제도하정체현저강저，즉토양염분함량위2.40%~3.12%시대애비호습지식물다양성적영향교대。
Soil salinity is the key factor which decides the dynamic of desert plant community in arid region. Statistics in this paper are based on the 39 pieces of minimumarea samples of surface soil salinity in the wetland of Lake Ebinur from May to October in 2012. By means of cluster analysis, these samples are divided into three scopes according to salinity grades, including 0.03~0.73(S1), 0.81%~1.73%(S2)and 2.40%~3.12%(S3). According to the research on the samples and plant diversity index, the changes of these plants responses to the diversity are analyzed. The results are as follows:(1) Most sampling spots 15 km and 5 km away from the lake fall in the S1, belong to the mild salinization sampling spots at Bird Island Station, Duck Bay, Kuitun River, and another one 10 km away from the lake, all fall in S2 and the degree of salinity reach mid-severe level;sampling spots right neighboring the lakeside cover S1, S2 and S3. (2) Theee main vegation type on the salinity gradient is different:In S1 most plants found there are Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix ramosissima, Nitraria tangutorum Bobr and are in rich diversity of 37. In S2 most plants found there are Tamarix ramosissima and Haloenemum strobilaceum, relatively few of vegation species(11); In S3 most plants are Haloenemum strobilaceum, Salicornia europaea and Phragmites australis, few of vegation species(7), and the biotype structure of the plant community changes in accordance with the rising of the salinity grades, and plants of the grass family are decreasing, while shrubs and trees are increasing. (3) The Simposon diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Margalef species richness index are all rising at mid-grade salinity, and reach their maximum degree at 0.84, 2.28 and 3.82;(4) Pielow Index is falling with the rising of salinity grades, and reaches its maximum at 1.26;(5) Diversity Index falls at Grade S3 remarkably, which means that the soil salinity grade at 2.40%~3.12%exerts best influence on the wetland plant diversity in Lake Ebinur.