生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
1期
126-132
,共7页
董继元%刘兴荣%张本忠%王式功%尚可政
董繼元%劉興榮%張本忠%王式功%尚可政
동계원%류흥영%장본충%왕식공%상가정
多环芳烃%暴露%健康风险评价%上海
多環芳烴%暴露%健康風險評價%上海
다배방경%폭로%건강풍험평개%상해
PAHs%exposure%health risk assessment%Shanghai
为研究上海市多环芳烃类有机污染物对人体产生的潜在健康危害风险，结合上海市人群状况，采用多介质-多途径暴露模型，评价上海市居民暴露于多环芳烃的暴露量及由此导致的健康风险，分析不同环境介质、暴露介质及暴露途径的风险贡献率，并结合蒙特卡罗方法分析研究过程中的不确定性。在实际评价时，根据上海市的实际情况，我们选用了部分美国环保局推荐参数，剩余的评价参数根据国内的相关文献，我们进行了修正，以使暴露模型更较好的接近上海市真实暴露场景，提高模拟的准确度和精密度。结果表明：儿童、青少年和成人对16种PAH化合物（PAH16）的日均暴露量分别为1.27×10-3、8.90×10-4、7.49×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1，主要暴露途径是膳食暴露，此外呼吸暴露也占有一定的比重，皮肤暴露作用很小。膳食暴露中对总暴露贡献最大的食品是粮食、肉类、鱼类。高环化合物主要来自肉类和鱼类。2环、3环、4环、5环和6环化合物对总暴露谱的贡献依次减少。健康风险评价结果表明，上海市儿童、青少年和成人由于 PAHs 暴露引起的平均致癌风险为7.20×10-6、6.13×10-6、4.44×10-6 a-1，上海市多环芳烃类污染物居民人体健康风险度高于可接受健康风险度标准。上海市女性对多环芳烃的暴露量高于男性，女性健康风险平均值亦高于EPA标准值。上海市多环芳烃人群暴露与天津、北京和兰州相比存在一定的差异。各项参数中，粮食、蔬菜摄食量和相应的多环芳烃（PAHs）残留浓度是影响暴露的重要因素。通过蒙特卡罗模拟得到各年龄段人群对多环芳烃（PAHs）的日均暴露量的分布特征，各输出变量均服从对数正态分布。
為研究上海市多環芳烴類有機汙染物對人體產生的潛在健康危害風險，結閤上海市人群狀況，採用多介質-多途徑暴露模型，評價上海市居民暴露于多環芳烴的暴露量及由此導緻的健康風險，分析不同環境介質、暴露介質及暴露途徑的風險貢獻率，併結閤矇特卡囉方法分析研究過程中的不確定性。在實際評價時，根據上海市的實際情況，我們選用瞭部分美國環保跼推薦參數，剩餘的評價參數根據國內的相關文獻，我們進行瞭脩正，以使暴露模型更較好的接近上海市真實暴露場景，提高模擬的準確度和精密度。結果錶明：兒童、青少年和成人對16種PAH化閤物（PAH16）的日均暴露量分彆為1.27×10-3、8.90×10-4、7.49×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1，主要暴露途徑是膳食暴露，此外呼吸暴露也佔有一定的比重，皮膚暴露作用很小。膳食暴露中對總暴露貢獻最大的食品是糧食、肉類、魚類。高環化閤物主要來自肉類和魚類。2環、3環、4環、5環和6環化閤物對總暴露譜的貢獻依次減少。健康風險評價結果錶明，上海市兒童、青少年和成人由于 PAHs 暴露引起的平均緻癌風險為7.20×10-6、6.13×10-6、4.44×10-6 a-1，上海市多環芳烴類汙染物居民人體健康風險度高于可接受健康風險度標準。上海市女性對多環芳烴的暴露量高于男性，女性健康風險平均值亦高于EPA標準值。上海市多環芳烴人群暴露與天津、北京和蘭州相比存在一定的差異。各項參數中，糧食、蔬菜攝食量和相應的多環芳烴（PAHs）殘留濃度是影響暴露的重要因素。通過矇特卡囉模擬得到各年齡段人群對多環芳烴（PAHs）的日均暴露量的分佈特徵，各輸齣變量均服從對數正態分佈。
위연구상해시다배방경류유궤오염물대인체산생적잠재건강위해풍험，결합상해시인군상황，채용다개질-다도경폭로모형，평개상해시거민폭로우다배방경적폭로량급유차도치적건강풍험，분석불동배경개질、폭로개질급폭로도경적풍험공헌솔，병결합몽특잡라방법분석연구과정중적불학정성。재실제평개시，근거상해시적실제정황，아문선용료부분미국배보국추천삼수，잉여적평개삼수근거국내적상관문헌，아문진행료수정，이사폭로모형경교호적접근상해시진실폭로장경，제고모의적준학도화정밀도。결과표명：인동、청소년화성인대16충PAH화합물（PAH16）적일균폭로량분별위1.27×10-3、8.90×10-4、7.49×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1，주요폭로도경시선식폭로，차외호흡폭로야점유일정적비중，피부폭로작용흔소。선식폭로중대총폭로공헌최대적식품시양식、육류、어류。고배화합물주요래자육류화어류。2배、3배、4배、5배화6배화합물대총폭로보적공헌의차감소。건강풍험평개결과표명，상해시인동、청소년화성인유우 PAHs 폭로인기적평균치암풍험위7.20×10-6、6.13×10-6、4.44×10-6 a-1，상해시다배방경류오염물거민인체건강풍험도고우가접수건강풍험도표준。상해시녀성대다배방경적폭로량고우남성，녀성건강풍험평균치역고우EPA표준치。상해시다배방경인군폭로여천진、북경화란주상비존재일정적차이。각항삼수중，양식、소채섭식량화상응적다배방경（PAHs）잔류농도시영향폭로적중요인소。통과몽특잡라모의득도각년령단인군대다배방경（PAHs）적일균폭로량적분포특정，각수출변량균복종대수정태분포。
In recent years, the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai has become increasingly serious. PAHs continuously accumulates in the environmental medium of Shanghai, threatening the residents’ health. To study the potential health risk of organic pollutants of PAHs on the residents in Shanghai City, we have adopted a multi-medium & multi-approach exposure model in combination with the population health status in Shanghai to assess the exposure of Shanghai residents in PAHs and consequent health risks, analyze the risk contribution rate of different environmental media, exposure media and exposure approaches, and analyze the uncertainty during the research process through Monte Carlo method. In actual evaluation, according to Shanghai’s practical conditions, we have chosen part of the parameters recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency and revised the rest parameters based on relevant domestic articles so as to make the exposure model more approximate to the real exposure situation in Shanghai and to enhance the model’s accuracy and consistency. The results show that: The average daily exposure of children, teenagers and adults to the 16 PAH compounds (PAH16) are 1.27×10-3 mg·kg-1·d-1, 8.90×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1, and 7.49×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1 respectively. Dietary intake was the major route of human exposure and moreover, respiratory exposure also occupied a certain proportion;however, the effect of skin exposure was inconspicuous. The foods that contribute the most to the total diet exposure are grain, meat and fish. Polycyclic compounds mainly come from meat and fish. The contribution of two-membered ring, three-membered ring, four-membered ring, five-membered ring and six-membered ring to the total exposure successively decrease. The results of health risk assessment show that the average carcinogenic risk of children, teenagers and adults in Shanghai caused by PAHs are 7.20×10-6 a-1, 6.13×10-6 a-1, and 4.44×10-6 a-1 respectively. The residents’ health risk is higher than the acceptable health risk standard. And the exposure of women to PAHs is higher than that of men in Shanghai. Women’s average health risk value is also higher than the EPA standard value. There existed some differences of population exposed to PAHs in Shanghai compared to Tianjin, Beijing and Lanzhou. In various parameters, the grain and vegetable intake, the residual concentration of (PAHs) are important factors affecting exposure. By Monte Carlo simulation, distribution characteristics of the daily (PAHs) exposure in people of all ages were obtained. All output variables were consistent with the lognormal distribution.
