CAJ | 학술논문

黄壤坡耕地不仅具有“黏、酸、瘦”的特点，而且水土、养分流失普遍严重，引起一系列农业面源污染环境问题。以黔中黄壤坡耕地氮磷流失长期定位监测基地为平台，于2008─2012年连续5年进行观测，研究了降水及氮磷湿沉降浓度、总量及季节性变化等特征，探明了降雨带入的氮磷养分对黄壤坡耕地养分流失的贡献，为农业生产、农业面源污染防治对策提供科学依据。结果表明：2008─2012年间，年降雨次数变幅为46~109次，年均64次；年降雨量变幅为558.4~901.5 mm，年均695.7 mm；频次降雨量变幅为6.5~15.5 mm，平均10.9 mm。5年湿沉降TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP浓度变幅，分别为1.57~3.31、0.17~0.79、0.10~0.94和0.06~0.48 mol·L-1，平均值分别为1.91、0.42、0.28、0.14 mol·L-1，均与降水量呈负相关，但未达到显著水平；5年湿沉降TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP输入量变幅，分别为11.19~18.47、0.96~5.47、1.22~6.65和0.42~1.34 kg·hm-2·a-1，平均值分别为14.32、3.37、2.77、1.09 kg·hm-2·a-1，TN、TP输入量与降雨量呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.774、0.707，P值分别为0.0003、0.0015)。输入量季节性变化5─8月最为集中，5─7月TN输入量为6.95 kg·hm-2，占全年TN输入量的比例高达51.1%；6─8月TP输入量为0.49 kg·hm-2，占全年TP输入量的比例高达47.4%，即冬、春季较低，夏、秋季较高。湿沉降TN、TP输入量相当于当地施肥投入的氮、磷素总量的7.54%、1.14%，因此在农业生产中制定施肥方案时，可考虑坡耕地湿沉降养分的输入，尤其是氮养分的输入。
황양파경지불부구유“점、산、수”적특점，이차수토、양분류실보편엄중，인기일계렬농업면원오염배경문제。이검중황양파경지담린류실장기정위감측기지위평태，우2008─2012년련속5년진행관측，연구료강수급담린습침강농도、총량급계절성변화등특정，탐명료강우대입적담린양분대황양파경지양분류실적공헌，위농업생산、농업면원오염방치대책제공과학의거。결과표명：2008─2012년간，년강우차수변폭위46~109차，년균64차；년강우량변폭위558.4~901.5 mm，년균695.7 mm；빈차강우량변폭위6.5~15.5 mm，평균10.9 mm。5년습침강TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP농도변폭，분별위1.57~3.31、0.17~0.79、0.10~0.94화0.06~0.48 mol·L-1，평균치분별위1.91、0.42、0.28、0.14 mol·L-1，균여강수량정부상관，단미체도현저수평；5년습침강TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP수입량변폭，분별위11.19~18.47、0.96~5.47、1.22~6.65화0.42~1.34 kg·hm-2·a-1，평균치분별위14.32、3.37、2.77、1.09 kg·hm-2·a-1，TN、TP수입량여강우량정정상관(상관계수분별위0.774、0.707，P치분별위0.0003、0.0015)。수입량계절성변화5─8월최위집중，5─7월TN수입량위6.95 kg·hm-2，점전년TN수입량적비례고체51.1%；6─8월TP수입량위0.49 kg·hm-2，점전년TP수입량적비례고체47.4%，즉동、춘계교저，하、추계교고。습침강TN、TP수입량상당우당지시비투입적담、린소총량적7.54%、1.14%，인차재농업생산중제정시비방안시，가고필파경지습침강양분적수입，우기시담양분적수입。
Beside the characteristics of acid, clay, and infertile, soil erosion and nutrient loss were serious for sloping farmland on yellow soil, which resulted in series environmental problems such as agricultural non-point sources pollution. Rainfall and concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in wet-deposition, total amount, and their characteristics of seasonal dynamics, were conducted in this paper by 5 years of observation from 2008 to 2002 in long-term monitoring base, to explore the contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the rainfall to nutrient loss for sloping farmland in yellow soil in central Guizhou, and to provide scientific basis for agricultural production and non-point resource pollution. Results showed that the frequency of annual rainfall was 64 (46~109), with average annual precipitation of 695.7 mm (558.4~901.5 mm), and precipitation per time was 10.9 mm (6.5~15.5 mm). Statistics results showed that there was a inverse correlation between TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N, TP concentration introduced by wet sedimentation with rainfall, but not significant, with means of 1.91 (1.57~3.31), 0.42 (0.17~0.79), 0.28 (0.10~0.94), and 0.14 (0.06~0.48) mol·L-1, respectively. Average annual amount of TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N, TP input from wet sedimentation were 14.32 (11.19~18.47), 3.37 (0.96~5.47), 2.77 (1.22~6.65), and 1.09 (0.42~1.34) kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively. Nutrient input of TN, TP were positive correlation with precipitation, with coefficient correlation of 0.774 and 0.707, respectively, and P value of 0.000 3 and 0.001 5, respectively. In terms of input, it was 6.95 kg·hm-2 from May to July, which concentrated from May to August, and counted for 51.1% of TN in the year. Input of TP was 0.49 kg·hm-2, and counted for 47.4%. It meant the input was lower from winter to spring, but higher from summer to autumn. The TN and TP input in wet-deposition was equivalent to 7.54% and 1.14% of fertilization input in the study site. Therefore, input of nutrient in wet-deposition, especially nitrogen input should be considered in sloping farmland for fertilization plan in agricultural production.