CAJ | 학술논문

区域生态安全格局规划是化解生态保护与经济发展之间矛盾冲突的有效途径，进行区域生态安全格局规划研究具有重要理论和现实意义。但是，目前尚缺少对区域生态安全格局规划概念内涵、支撑理论、技术方法等相关文献的系统梳理和归纳总结。鉴于此，通过查阅大量文献资料、总结分析国内外相关研究成果，厘清了生态安全格局相关概念之间的逻辑关系，给出了区域生态安全格局规划的确切定义，对景观生态分类与适宜性评价、景观格局演变分析与动态模拟、生态安全预测预警、空间规划决策技术方法等区域生态安全格局规划相关支撑理论和技术方法，研究成果总结发现：景观生态分类指标构建理论和分类结果可靠性验证研究较为薄弱；应用较多的景观生态适宜性评价方法有“千层饼”法、层次分析法等传统方法和人工神经网络、遗传算法、元胞自动机等现代人工智能方法；景观格局变化驱动因子定量识别相对缺乏，各驱动因子间相互作用关系探讨不深入，常忽视景观格局本身对驱动因子的自适应和反馈作用；在众多景观格局动态演变模拟模型中， CA-Markov模型综合了CA和Markov模型的优点，可实现研究对象时空演变信息的精确挖掘；生态安全预警可弥补传统生态安全评价不能揭示生态环境质量长期动态变化状况的不足，能反映区域生态安全状况动态变化过程，是生态安全格局规划的重要基础；常见的空间规划决策技术方法主要有多准则数量优化法、空间分析技术方法、情景分析法、人工智能优化法和综合优化法，在综合优化法中 CLUE-S 模型能综合土地利用变化各驱动因子对不同时空尺度下的土地利用变化进行预测模拟，集成模型能集成多个模型优点来解决一些复杂空间格局优化问题，两者对进行区域生态安全格局规划方法探讨皆具有重要参考价值和借鉴意义。在此基础上，依据现阶段比较成熟的景观生态学理论、景观生态规划原理，综合集成现行空间规划决策技术方法，将区域生态安全格局规划技术流程概括为景观生态分类、景观格局演变分析、景观生态适宜性评价、景观格局演变动态模拟、生态安全预测预警、生态安全需求预测、多情景模式构建和总体规划目标确定、生态安全格局规划、多种规划方案比选、方案试点效果监测与评价、规划实施与执行监管等14个步骤。今后加强区域生态安全格局规划基础理论、技术方法、实践应用这3方面研究是未来该领域研究的重要方向。區域生態安全格跼規劃是化解生態保護與經濟髮展之間矛盾遲突的有效途徑，進行區域生態安全格跼規劃研究具有重要理論和現實意義。但是，目前尚缺少對區域生態安全格跼規劃概唸內涵、支撐理論、技術方法等相關文獻的繫統梳理和歸納總結。鑒于此，通過查閱大量文獻資料、總結分析國內外相關研究成果，釐清瞭生態安全格跼相關概唸之間的邏輯關繫，給齣瞭區域生態安全格跼規劃的確切定義，對景觀生態分類與適宜性評價、景觀格跼縯變分析與動態模擬、生態安全預測預警、空間規劃決策技術方法等區域生態安全格跼規劃相關支撐理論和技術方法，研究成果總結髮現：景觀生態分類指標構建理論和分類結果可靠性驗證研究較為薄弱；應用較多的景觀生態適宜性評價方法有“韆層餅”法、層次分析法等傳統方法和人工神經網絡、遺傳算法、元胞自動機等現代人工智能方法；景觀格跼變化驅動因子定量識彆相對缺乏，各驅動因子間相互作用關繫探討不深入，常忽視景觀格跼本身對驅動因子的自適應和反饋作用；在衆多景觀格跼動態縯變模擬模型中， CA-Markov模型綜閤瞭CA和Markov模型的優點，可實現研究對象時空縯變信息的精確挖掘；生態安全預警可瀰補傳統生態安全評價不能揭示生態環境質量長期動態變化狀況的不足，能反映區域生態安全狀況動態變化過程，是生態安全格跼規劃的重要基礎；常見的空間規劃決策技術方法主要有多準則數量優化法、空間分析技術方法、情景分析法、人工智能優化法和綜閤優化法，在綜閤優化法中 CLUE-S 模型能綜閤土地利用變化各驅動因子對不同時空呎度下的土地利用變化進行預測模擬，集成模型能集成多箇模型優點來解決一些複雜空間格跼優化問題，兩者對進行區域生態安全格跼規劃方法探討皆具有重要參攷價值和藉鑒意義。在此基礎上，依據現階段比較成熟的景觀生態學理論、景觀生態規劃原理，綜閤集成現行空間規劃決策技術方法，將區域生態安全格跼規劃技術流程概括為景觀生態分類、景觀格跼縯變分析、景觀生態適宜性評價、景觀格跼縯變動態模擬、生態安全預測預警、生態安全需求預測、多情景模式構建和總體規劃目標確定、生態安全格跼規劃、多種規劃方案比選、方案試點效果鑑測與評價、規劃實施與執行鑑管等14箇步驟。今後加彊區域生態安全格跼規劃基礎理論、技術方法、實踐應用這3方麵研究是未來該領域研究的重要方嚮。
구역생태안전격국규화시화해생태보호여경제발전지간모순충돌적유효도경，진행구역생태안전격국규화연구구유중요이론화현실의의。단시，목전상결소대구역생태안전격국규화개념내함、지탱이론、기술방법등상관문헌적계통소리화귀납총결。감우차，통과사열대량문헌자료、총결분석국내외상관연구성과，전청료생태안전격국상관개념지간적라집관계，급출료구역생태안전격국규화적학절정의，대경관생태분류여괄의성평개、경관격국연변분석여동태모의、생태안전예측예경、공간규화결책기술방법등구역생태안전격국규화상관지탱이론화기술방법，연구성과총결발현：경관생태분류지표구건이론화분류결과가고성험증연구교위박약；응용교다적경관생태괄의성평개방법유“천층병”법、층차분석법등전통방법화인공신경망락、유전산법、원포자동궤등현대인공지능방법；경관격국변화구동인자정량식별상대결핍，각구동인자간상호작용관계탐토불심입，상홀시경관격국본신대구동인자적자괄응화반궤작용；재음다경관격국동태연변모의모형중， CA-Markov모형종합료CA화Markov모형적우점，가실현연구대상시공연변신식적정학알굴；생태안전예경가미보전통생태안전평개불능게시생태배경질량장기동태변화상황적불족，능반영구역생태안전상황동태변화과정，시생태안전격국규화적중요기출；상견적공간규화결책기술방법주요유다준칙수량우화법、공간분석기술방법、정경분석법、인공지능우화법화종합우화법，재종합우화법중 CLUE-S 모형능종합토지이용변화각구동인자대불동시공척도하적토지이용변화진행예측모의，집성모형능집성다개모형우점래해결일사복잡공간격국우화문제，량자대진행구역생태안전격국규화방법탐토개구유중요삼고개치화차감의의。재차기출상，의거현계단비교성숙적경관생태학이론、경관생태규화원리，종합집성현행공간규화결책기술방법，장구역생태안전격국규화기술류정개괄위경관생태분류、경관격국연변분석、경관생태괄의성평개、경관격국연변동태모의、생태안전예측예경、생태안전수구예측、다정경모식구건화총체규화목표학정、생태안전격국규화、다충규화방안비선、방안시점효과감측여평개、규화실시여집행감관등14개보취。금후가강구역생태안전격국규화기출이론、기술방법、실천응용저3방면연구시미래해영역연구적중요방향。
The regional ecological security pattern planning is an effect way to resolve conflicts between ecological protection and economic development, an important method to achieve smart growth and smart protection as well, thus, the research on regional ecological security pattern planning has important theoretical and practical significance. However, there is a lack of systematic carding and summary on the related literatures of conception, supporting theories as well as technical methods for regional ecological security pattern planning. Therefore, through consulting a large number of literature as well as summarizing and analyzing relevant researches at home and abroad, this paper not only clarified the logical relationship among different conceptions of regional ecological security pattern thus exactly defined regional ecological security pattern planning, but also systematically summarized the supporting theories and technical methods on regional ecological security pattern planning in different areas, such as landscape ecological classification and ecological suitability assessment, landscape pattern change analysis and dynamic simulation, ecological security warning and spatial planning decisions technical methods, and the conclusions are as follows: research on reliability verification of theory constructing and classification results on landscape ecological classification index is relatively weak;methods widely used on landscape ecological suitability assessment can be divided into traditional method including“thousand layer cake”method, analytic hierarchy process, and modern artificial intelligence method including artificial neural network, genetic algorithm, cellular automata;quantitative identification on driving factors of landscape pattern change is relatively deficient and dissicution on interaction relationship among all driving factors is superficial, what’s more, self-adaptive and feedback effct of landscape pattern itself reacting to driving factors are ignored; among various landscape pattern dynamic simulation models, CA-Markov model integrated the advantages of CA and Markov model, so that it can realize the accurate mining for information of temporal spatial evolution of research object; ecological security warning can not only make up for the traditional ecological security evaluation which cannot reveal long-term dynamic changes of ecological environment quality, but also reflect the process of dynamic change of regional ecological security situation, thus become an important foundation for ecological security pattern planning; common technology and methods for spatial planning decision mainly include multi criteria optimization method, space analysis technology and method, scenario analysis method, artificial intelligence optimization method and comprehensive optimization method in which there are two models have important reference value and reference significance for discussion on method of regional ecological security pattern planning, one is the CLUE-S model which can integrated every driving factor of land use change to simulate the land use change under different temporal and spatial scales, the other is the integrated model which can integrate multiple model to solve some complicated spatial pattern optimization problems. On the basis of those conclusionts, this paper references mature landscape ecology theory and landscape ecological planning theory, integrated with the current decision-making technology methods on spatial planning, the techniqueflow of regional ecological security pattern planning was summarized as following 14 steps: landscape ecological classification, landscape pattern change analysis, landscape ecological suitability assessment, landscape pattern dynamic simulation, ecological security prediction and early-warning, ecological security demand forecasting, scenario model construction and overall planning objective determination, ecological security pattern planning, comparison and selection of various planning, monitoring and evaluation of planning practice, implementation of planning and execution supervision and so on. In the end, this paper indicated that study on basic theory, technical method and practical application for regional ecological security pattern planning must be an important research direction in the future in this area.