农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
4期
113-120
,共8页
于坤%郁松林%刘怀锋%王文静%白泽晨%孙军利
于坤%鬱鬆林%劉懷鋒%王文靜%白澤晨%孫軍利
우곤%욱송림%류부봉%왕문정%백택신%손군리
灌溉%水分%作物%葡萄%根冠生长%根区交替滴灌%地下穴贮滴灌
灌溉%水分%作物%葡萄%根冠生長%根區交替滴灌%地下穴貯滴灌
관개%수분%작물%포도%근관생장%근구교체적관%지하혈저적관
irrigation%moisture%crops%grape%growth of root and shoot%alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation%subsurface drip irrigation with tank system
为探讨不同根区交替滴灌供水模式对赤霞珠葡萄幼苗生长的影响，筛选出适合中国干旱区酿酒葡萄生产的最佳滴灌供水模式和方法。该研究以酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠（Vitis vinifera L.‘Cabernet Sauvignon’）为试验材料，分别测定左侧地下穴贮滴灌，右侧地表滴灌（SDI-DI）、两侧地下穴贮滴灌（SDI-SDI）、左侧地表滴灌，右侧地下穴贮滴灌（DI-SDI）、两侧地表滴灌（DI-DI）4种根区交替滴灌处理对赤霞珠葡萄幼苗根冠生物量、根系分布、根系活力及叶片生理功能的影响。结果表明：同一灌水条件下SDI-SDI、DI-SDI、SDI-DI能保持根冠比在较适宜水平（1～1.3），DI-DI所受胁迫较大，根冠比增加，植株正常生长受到限制；根系水平分布上DI-SDI与SDI-DI根区左侧与根区右侧根量指标差异较大，DI-DI与SDI-SDI根区左右两侧根量指标差异较小，其中DI-SDI根区右侧根量指标分别比根区左侧高13.3%、10.5%、14.0%、22.1%；根系垂直分布上一侧为SDI的根区交替滴灌能促进根系下扎，提高土层深度20～60 cm处根系的根系活力，其中根区右侧SDI-SDI与DI-SDI处理根表面积、根体积在土层深度>20～40 cm处分布最多，根表面积分别占右侧根总表面积的48.8%、49.2%，根体积分别占右侧根总体积的47.5%、46.3%；灌水量一定的条件下，灌水侧为SDI的根区交替滴灌能有效维持同一灌水周期内地上部叶片光合性能的稳定，保持叶片瞬时水分利用效率在较高水平，适宜降低表层根量增加深层根量可提高植株叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率。综合生产成本、田间实际操作与植株根冠生长差异，该试验条件下采用一侧地表滴灌、一侧地下穴贮滴灌的根区交替滴灌供水模式为最佳处理。
為探討不同根區交替滴灌供水模式對赤霞珠葡萄幼苗生長的影響，篩選齣適閤中國榦旱區釀酒葡萄生產的最佳滴灌供水模式和方法。該研究以釀酒葡萄品種赤霞珠（Vitis vinifera L.‘Cabernet Sauvignon’）為試驗材料，分彆測定左側地下穴貯滴灌，右側地錶滴灌（SDI-DI）、兩側地下穴貯滴灌（SDI-SDI）、左側地錶滴灌，右側地下穴貯滴灌（DI-SDI）、兩側地錶滴灌（DI-DI）4種根區交替滴灌處理對赤霞珠葡萄幼苗根冠生物量、根繫分佈、根繫活力及葉片生理功能的影響。結果錶明：同一灌水條件下SDI-SDI、DI-SDI、SDI-DI能保持根冠比在較適宜水平（1～1.3），DI-DI所受脅迫較大，根冠比增加，植株正常生長受到限製；根繫水平分佈上DI-SDI與SDI-DI根區左側與根區右側根量指標差異較大，DI-DI與SDI-SDI根區左右兩側根量指標差異較小，其中DI-SDI根區右側根量指標分彆比根區左側高13.3%、10.5%、14.0%、22.1%；根繫垂直分佈上一側為SDI的根區交替滴灌能促進根繫下扎，提高土層深度20～60 cm處根繫的根繫活力，其中根區右側SDI-SDI與DI-SDI處理根錶麵積、根體積在土層深度>20～40 cm處分佈最多，根錶麵積分彆佔右側根總錶麵積的48.8%、49.2%，根體積分彆佔右側根總體積的47.5%、46.3%；灌水量一定的條件下，灌水側為SDI的根區交替滴灌能有效維持同一灌水週期內地上部葉片光閤性能的穩定，保持葉片瞬時水分利用效率在較高水平，適宜降低錶層根量增加深層根量可提高植株葉片的淨光閤速率和蒸騰速率。綜閤生產成本、田間實際操作與植株根冠生長差異，該試驗條件下採用一側地錶滴灌、一側地下穴貯滴灌的根區交替滴灌供水模式為最佳處理。
위탐토불동근구교체적관공수모식대적하주포도유묘생장적영향，사선출괄합중국간한구양주포도생산적최가적관공수모식화방법。해연구이양주포도품충적하주（Vitis vinifera L.‘Cabernet Sauvignon’）위시험재료，분별측정좌측지하혈저적관，우측지표적관（SDI-DI）、량측지하혈저적관（SDI-SDI）、좌측지표적관，우측지하혈저적관（DI-SDI）、량측지표적관（DI-DI）4충근구교체적관처리대적하주포도유묘근관생물량、근계분포、근계활력급협편생리공능적영향。결과표명：동일관수조건하SDI-SDI、DI-SDI、SDI-DI능보지근관비재교괄의수평（1～1.3），DI-DI소수협박교대，근관비증가，식주정상생장수도한제；근계수평분포상DI-SDI여SDI-DI근구좌측여근구우측근량지표차이교대，DI-DI여SDI-SDI근구좌우량측근량지표차이교소，기중DI-SDI근구우측근량지표분별비근구좌측고13.3%、10.5%、14.0%、22.1%；근계수직분포상일측위SDI적근구교체적관능촉진근계하찰，제고토층심도20～60 cm처근계적근계활력，기중근구우측SDI-SDI여DI-SDI처리근표면적、근체적재토층심도>20～40 cm처분포최다，근표면적분별점우측근총표면적적48.8%、49.2%，근체적분별점우측근총체적적47.5%、46.3%；관수량일정적조건하，관수측위SDI적근구교체적관능유효유지동일관수주기내지상부협편광합성능적은정，보지협편순시수분이용효솔재교고수평，괄의강저표층근량증가심층근량가제고식주협편적정광합속솔화증등속솔。종합생산성본、전간실제조작여식주근관생장차이，해시험조건하채용일측지표적관、일측지하혈저적관적근구교체적관공수모식위최가처리。
On the basis of its own subsurface drip irrigation with tank system, effects of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on grape seedling growth were explored, and the best drip irrigation mode and method was selected that was suitable for wine grape production in arid and semiarid areas of China. The experiment usedVitis vinifera L.‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ as materials and used conventional drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation with tank system(SDI) (independent design) as the basis of engineering technology .Under bag control experimental condition, four kinds of partial-root zone alternative controlled drip irrigation methods were designed as follows: SDI-DI (SDI was on the left side, DI was on the right side) SDI-SDI (both sides were SDI), DI-SDI (DI was on the left side, SDI was on the right side), DI-DI (both sides were DI).Effects of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on shoot biomass, root distribution, root vigor and leaf physiological function of Cabernet Sauvignon seedling were discussed. The ratio of root to shoot was at optimum level (1-1.3) and shoot biomass accumulation were not significantly affected by SDI-SDI、DI-SDI、DI-SDI under the same irrigation conditions . The ratio of root and shoot was increased, plant experienced drought stress more intense and plant growth was limited by DI-DI. Horizontal root number on the left and right of DI-SDI and SDI-DI had great differences, and root number on the right was 13.3%、10.5%、14.0%、22.1% more than that on the left ,while horizontal root number on both sides of DI-DI and SDI-SDI had small differences. Root penetration was promoted and root activity in the depth of soil layer 20-60 cm was improved by SDI-DI and DI-SDI. In the depth of soil layer 0-20 cm ,Root average diameter on the left side of SDI-DI and SDI-SDI were significantly higher than that of DI-DI and DI-SDI, and root surface area, root volume on the left side of SDI-DI and SDI-SDI were lower than DI-DI and DI-SDI treatment. In the depth of soil layer 0-10 cm, root average diameter on the right of SDI-SDI was the highest, but there was a little difference with DI-SDI. Ratio of root surface area, root volume on the right side of SDI-SDI and DI-SDI in the depth of soil layer of 20-40 cm were the most, root surface area of the two irrigation methods accounted for 48.8% and 49.2% respectively of the total surface area of the root on the right side, root volume accounted for 47.5% and 46.3% of the total volume of the root on the right side. The two irrigation methods maintained leaf photosynthetic performance stability and the leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) at a high level. The study on relation between root and shoot of plant showed that net photosynthetic leaf photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were improved by reducing root biomass of surface and increasing root biomass of deep zone. The root activity significantly affected the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of above-ground part, which was a key factor influencing on physiological characteristics. Under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation, effects of SDI-DI and DI-SDI on the growth of root and shoot in Cabernet Sauvignon grape seedlings were better than DI-DI, and were the same as SDI-SDI. Considering the production cost, the field operation and difference on growth of root to shoot, SDI-DI and DI-SDI were the best drip irrigation mode and method under the condition of this experiment.
