CAJ | 학술논문

崩岗侵蚀过程及其侵蚀量的精准量化分析，是研究崩岗发育机理及其发展演化的基础，也是测算崩岗流域产沙输沙的前提，对崩岗预防和治理以及水土保持和生态建设具有理论和现实意义。本研究应用三维激光扫描技术，大致以半年为周期，在6次定位监测基础上，以广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例，对崩岗侵蚀过程进行了定量分析。研究表明，莲塘岗崩岗年平均侵蚀量为833 m3，其中雨季平均侵蚀量为499 m3，干季平均侵蚀量为291 m3，侵蚀模数高达222408 t/(km2·a)。24 h降雨量大于等于50 mm的暴雨、特别是大于等于100 mm的大暴雨对崩岗侵蚀影响很大，暴雨总量与崩岗侵蚀量具有正相关关系。崩壁之下的崩积锥部位侵蚀量最大，占总侵蚀量的55.6%。40°～60°坡面的侵蚀量最大，占总侵蚀量的49%。最大侵蚀强度（单位面积侵蚀量）位于50°～60°和70°～80°的两个坡度区间。最为剧烈的侵蚀区为主沟与支沟两侧及沟头部位，侵蚀深度均大于1 m，最大深度可达2.5 m。前3个监测周期，沟道以快速下切、侧蚀和溯源侵蚀为主，兼有小规模崩塌；后2个监测周期，以重力崩塌为主，沟道侵蚀减弱。崩岗地形变化导致其水力与重力作用交替进行，使崩岗侵蚀呈现出波动式变化。
붕강침식과정급기침식량적정준양화분석，시연구붕강발육궤리급기발전연화적기출，야시측산붕강류역산사수사적전제，대붕강예방화치리이급수토보지화생태건설구유이론화현실의의。본연구응용삼유격광소묘기술，대치이반년위주기，재6차정위감측기출상，이엄동오화현련당강붕강위례，대붕강침식과정진행료정량분석。연구표명，련당강붕강년평균침식량위833 m3，기중우계평균침식량위499 m3，간계평균침식량위291 m3，침식모수고체222408 t/(km2·a)。24 h강우량대우등우50 mm적폭우、특별시대우등우100 mm적대폭우대붕강침식영향흔대，폭우총량여붕강침식량구유정상관관계。붕벽지하적붕적추부위침식량최대，점총침식량적55.6%。40°～60°파면적침식량최대，점총침식량적49%。최대침식강도（단위면적침식량）위우50°～60°화70°～80°적량개파도구간。최위극렬적침식구위주구여지구량측급구두부위，침식심도균대우1 m，최대심도가체2.5 m。전3개감측주기，구도이쾌속하절、측식화소원침식위주，겸유소규모붕탑；후2개감측주기，이중력붕탑위주，구도침식감약。붕강지형변화도치기수력여중력작용교체진행，사붕강침식정현출파동식변화。
Three-dimensional laser scanner (Leica ScanStation 2) was used to measure Liantanggang collapsing hill and erosional gully in Wuhua County of Guangdong Province for 6 times during 2011-2013. About half a year as an interval, and through ArcGIS, high-solution analyses of measurements was conducted to study the spatial and temporal variations of the erosional processes and sediment yield in the watershed of Liantanggang. The average erosional volume was 499 m3 in rainy season, and was 291 m3 in dry season. During the 3 years measurement, the average annual erosional amount was 833 m3and the erosional modulus was 222 408 t/(km2·a). The heavy rainstorm more than 100 mm within 24h greatly influenced the collapses. Rainfall of rainstorm during each measuring period was positively correlated with the erosional amount. The intense erosional zones located on the colluvial cones at the elevations between 111-131 m, accounting for 55.6% of the total erosional amount, which indicates that the erosional rate in the middle-lower parts of the watershed is the greatest. The slopes of 40°-50° was the largest erosional amount, then the slopes of 50°-60°, and both them accounting for 49% of the total erosional amount of 1 019 m3. The sediment yield per square meter increased with the gradient, which means the erosional processes are more intense in steeper slopes. The average maximum erosional amount per square meter was located on the slopes of 70°-80°. The average erosional depth for each measuring period was 0.105 m. During the period of all the measurements, the severe erosion was found in the main and branch channels including their sides, and at the gully heads. The accumulative erosional depth was greater than 1 m, and the maximum depth was more than 2.5 m. Within the period of five measurements, the erosional modes showed as in the first 3 measuring periods, rapid down-cutting, lateral and retreated erosions were the main modes. In the last 2 measuring periods, there were dominantly gravitational erosions with small-scale landslips. The total erosional amount firstly declined and then increased. The watershed now is in its maturity stage. Morphometric terrain may be the major factor affecting its current evolution. Topographic condition may lead to the transformation between gravitational erosion and hydraulic erosion. The combination of gravitational and hydraulic erosions and their alternations may make the erosional volumes to be fluctuating changes.