CAJ | 학술논문

农田土地精细平整是中国现代地面精细灌溉的重要基础，能提高农田灌溉均匀度，改良土壤水盐分布，控制杂草，达到节水增产的效果。应用GNSS（global navigation satellite system，全球导航卫星系统）技术进行土地精细平整具有不受天气影响、测量速度快、工作效率高等优点，具有广泛应用前景。该文结合中国土地平整的实际情况和前期的研究成果，开发了适合国内应用的GNSS控制平地系统，降低了研发的设备成本，优化完善了平地系统的功能。为减少分立设备数量，提高系统集成度，设计了集成控制终端，集成GNSS接收模块、差分电台模块、核心处理平台和阀控制模块，并设计了集成控制终端的外壳，通过可旋转调整支架固定在拖拉机驾驶室内，具有良好的防尘、降温和牢固等优点；为完善地形测量功能，增加了测量轨迹的实时显示，以及农田面积等地势信息的计算，便于指导后续平整作业；优化了基准设计，建立了坡面平整的数学模型，实现了任意坡度坡面平整。优化后的系统主要由集成控制终端、自主差分GNSS接收设备、液压系统以及平地铲运设备几部分构成；以Visual Studio2008为系统软件开发环境，GNSS精细平整集成软件能够实现农田地势测量、基准设计及平整作业等功能。该智能平地系统在中国农业大学上庄试验站进行了长时间平整实验，平面平整后最大高程差从20.9降到10.5 cm，高程标准差从10.6降到5.5 cm，平地误差小于5 cm的测点累积百分比从77%上升到90%左右，平整效果良好。坡面平整的坡度从0.239%降到0.120%，符合设计要求。结果表明，系统工作稳定可靠，作业精度满足土地精细平整要求，适用于在中国推广应用。
농전토지정세평정시중국현대지면정세관개적중요기출，능제고농전관개균균도，개량토양수염분포，공제잡초，체도절수증산적효과。응용GNSS（global navigation satellite system，전구도항위성계통）기술진행토지정세평정구유불수천기영향、측량속도쾌、공작효솔고등우점，구유엄범응용전경。해문결합중국토지평정적실제정황화전기적연구성과，개발료괄합국내응용적GNSS공제평지계통，강저료연발적설비성본，우화완선료평지계통적공능。위감소분립설비수량，제고계통집성도，설계료집성공제종단，집성GNSS접수모괴、차분전태모괴、핵심처리평태화벌공제모괴，병설계료집성공제종단적외각，통과가선전조정지가고정재타랍궤가사실내，구유량호적방진、강온화뢰고등우점；위완선지형측량공능，증가료측량궤적적실시현시，이급농전면적등지세신식적계산，편우지도후속평정작업；우화료기준설계，건립료파면평정적수학모형，실현료임의파도파면평정。우화후적계통주요유집성공제종단、자주차분GNSS접수설비、액압계통이급평지산운설비궤부분구성；이Visual Studio2008위계통연건개발배경，GNSS정세평정집성연건능구실현농전지세측량、기준설계급평정작업등공능。해지능평지계통재중국농업대학상장시험참진행료장시간평정실험，평면평정후최대고정차종20.9강도10.5 cm，고정표준차종10.6강도5.5 cm，평지오차소우5 cm적측점루적백분비종77%상승도90%좌우，평정효과량호。파면평정적파도종0.239%강도0.120%，부합설계요구。결과표명，계통공작은정가고，작업정도만족토지정세평정요구，괄용우재중국추엄응용。
Precise land leveling of farmlands is an important foundation of modern ground irrigation system. It can improve the uniformity of irrigation as well as soil water and salt distribution, thus controlling weeds, saving water and increasing yield. The application of GNSS (global navigation satellite system) -controlled land leveling technology is protected from weather. Besides, it has high speed and working efficiency, which earns broad application prospects. Combined with the actual situation of land leveling in China as well as the early research work, based on GNSS-controlled land leveling technology, the paper developed a leveling system which is suitable for China. The system reduces the cost of equipment and optimizes its leveling function. To reduce the number of discrete devices and improve system integration, the paper designed an integrated control terminal, including an integrated GNSS receiver module, a differential radio module, a core processing platform and a valve control module. The paper also designed the outer covering of integrated control terminal. It can be rotated to adjust the bracket through the tractor cab, and it is protected from dust, making it convenient to operate. To optimize topographic survey, the paper acquired more terrain information, for instance, the area of farmlands, which guides the later leveling operations. It also adds function of real-time display of measurement tracks. What’s more, it optimizes the reference design to achieve any grade slope leveling by building a mathematic model and solve it. The optimized system consists of integrated intelligent control terminals, independent differential GNSS receiver module, hydraulic system and flat shovel equipment. Meanwhile, based on Visual Studio 2008 as the development environment, the integrated software helps a lot to land leveling. The software has accomplished the function of topographic survey, reference design and leveling operation. The intelligent precise leveling system has been applied for long experiment on Shang Zhuang experimental station of China Agricultural University. The accuracy of the system is encouraging: the maximum elevation difference after the plane leveling goes down from 20.9cm to 10cm and height standard deviation of elevation drops from 10.6 cm to 5.5 cm; the cumulative percentage, of which the accuracy errors are less than 5 cm, is increased from 77% to 90% after the land leveling. Besides, flat slope gradient goes down from 0.239% to 0.120%, which is in line with the design requirements. The results showed that the system is stable and reliable for operation and it perfectly meets the requirements of precise land leveling. The system developed in this paper is suitable for our farmland and farm equipment with abundant function and is easy to operate while the cost is reduced by more than a half compared with the similar foreign advanced products. It will help as fine irrigation and water-saving equipment in China and it will earn large-scale application in our country.