CAJ | 학술논문

为了克服人工移栽劳动强度大、作业效率低、移栽质量差的缺点，该文研制了一种全自动玉米秧苗移栽机。设计了全液压驱动系统和以PLC为核心模块的自动控制快速上秧装置，可实现整册纸筒自动取苗，数字识别无苗纸筒并剔除，有苗纸筒带式水平和针刺带垂直输送，夹持圆盘可完成零速投苗栽植。该机与破茬开沟、垄型整理、滤水覆土有机结合，可完成全部移栽过程。田间试验结果表明，当机组前进速度为2.5～3.0 km/h、理论株距为22 cm时，移栽深度合格率为87.5%，株距合格率为93.2%，苗株直立度合格率为91.2%，能够满足玉米纸筒苗移栽的农艺要求。该机是实施玉米纸筒秧苗移栽新型农艺技术的机械化载体，可显著提高玉米纸筒秧苗移栽作业的标准化、机械化和自动化程度。
위료극복인공이재노동강도대、작업효솔저、이재질량차적결점，해문연제료일충전자동옥미앙묘이재궤。설계료전액압구동계통화이PLC위핵심모괴적자동공제쾌속상앙장치，가실현정책지통자동취묘，수자식별무묘지통병척제，유묘지통대식수평화침자대수직수송，협지원반가완성령속투묘재식。해궤여파치개구、롱형정리、려수복토유궤결합，가완성전부이재과정。전간시험결과표명，당궤조전진속도위2.5～3.0 km/h、이론주거위22 cm시，이재심도합격솔위87.5%，주거합격솔위93.2%，묘주직립도합격솔위91.2%，능구만족옥미지통묘이재적농예요구。해궤시실시옥미지통앙묘이재신형농예기술적궤계화재체，가현저제고옥미지통앙묘이재작업적표준화、궤계화화자동화정도。
Corn paper pot seedling transplanting technology is a new type cultivation method that can effectively increase accumulated temperature, resist drought, prevent disasters and obtain high yields; issues such as low and unstable grain yield due to shortage of water resources, drought and frequent plant diseases and insect pests in spring dry farming conditions. Conventional corn paper pot seedling transplanting operations are conducted on a manual basis, which generates features such as large labor intensity, low working efficiency, poor working quality, low degree of standardization and farming seasons cannot be grasped and so forth; the conventional operations are not beneficial to large area production operation, which seriously restricts the promotion and application of corn paper pot seedling transplanting technology. Therefore, mechanized corn seedling transplanting is an imperative trend. <br> At present, corn paper pot seedling transplanting technology and methods as well as relevant machinery equipment are not available. Existing transplanting machineries in Europe, US, Japan and South Korea are mainly used for flowers, vegetables and economic crops. As per planting methods, transplanting machineries can be divided into: clamp type transplanters, chain clamp type transplanters, hanging cup type transplanters, seedling-guiding tube type transplanters and flexible disc type transplanters. However, all of such transplanters have some defects that cannot be overcome. A new type of full-automatic paper pot corn seedling transplanter was researched and developed based on the research of integrating the advantages of pot seedling and bare-rooted seedling, the principle of flexible disc type transplanting in combination with automation control and hydraulically powered seedling collecting, seedling rejecting and seedling supplying mechanism. <br> The transplanter is composed of a seedling transporting and selecting transmission case, an automatic seeding system, a transplanting unit, a rack and an earthing and watering part. The seedling transporting and selecting transmission mechanism can automatically eliminate paper pots without seedlings or those with weak seedlings and accelerate seedling supplying so as to guarantee the uniformity of seedlings. The rapid automatic seeding device can realize functions such as automatic grabbing, separation and stacking of paper pot seedlings as well as automatic feeding of seedling disc. The function of the transplanting unit is to ditch, erect seedlings and perform transplanting. The earthing and watering part can perform watering and earthing operation to the seedling ditch after transplanting. The driving force for the seedling transporting and selecting case and the transplanting unit is from the friction between the supporting roller and ground; the power for the automatic seeding system is from the hydraulic motor driven by the rear power output shaft of a tractor; the logical relationships for various working parts are driven by the PLC control module. The transplanter realizes full-automatic transplanting by using a full hydraulic power system and an automatic control system with PLC as its core module. The transplanter applies a three-point rear suspension and it is used in combination with roller tractors above 48kW. The transplanter can be used in both ridge planting and flat planting. The field test results showed that, when the advancing speed of a unit is 2.5-3.0 km/h and the theoretical row spacing is 22 cm, the qualified rate of transplanting depth is 87.5% and, the qualified rate of row spacing is 93.2% and the qualified rate of seedling verticality is 91.2%, which meets the agricultural requirements of corn paper pot seedling transplanting. The transplanter is a mechanized carrier of carrying out the new type agricultural technology of corn paper pot seedling transplanting, and it can enhance the standardization, mechanization and automation degree of corn paper pot seedling transplanting operations in an outstanding way.