农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
3期
325-331
,共7页
潘俨%车凤斌%董成虎%张辉%孟新涛%张婷
潘儼%車鳳斌%董成虎%張輝%孟新濤%張婷
반엄%차봉빈%동성호%장휘%맹신도%장정
水果%振动%品质控制%模拟运输%新疆杏%呼吸途径
水果%振動%品質控製%模擬運輸%新疆杏%呼吸途徑
수과%진동%품질공제%모의운수%신강행%호흡도경
fruits%vibrations%qualities control%simulated transport%Xinjiang apricot%respiratory pathways
通过建立与实际冷藏运输相近的三轴向模拟运输振动条件和温度条件，比较振动果实与静置果实不同途径呼吸速率及品质因子的差异和关联，探知运输振动诱导鲜杏品质劣变的可能途径。以七成熟的小白杏为材料，3℃环境使用振动平台模拟与冷藏车实际运输过程三轴向振动强度重叠率57.60%～67.75%的模拟条件处理果实。观测3 d模拟运输和冷藏货架期间，果实不同途径呼吸速率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、表面色值与等温条件静置下果实的差异。与静置鲜杏相比，模拟运输鲜杏总呼吸峰提前8 d、峰值提高3.26倍，三羧酸循环途径（tricarboxylic acid cycle）呼吸峰提前3 d、峰值提高1.22倍，糖酵解途径（Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas）和细胞色素途径（cytochrome pathway）的呼吸速率提高4.62倍和9.64倍，磷酸戊糖途径（phosphopentose pathway）呼吸峰提前9d。振动果实硬度偏低13.18%～19.34%，可溶性固形物含量偏高12.26%～27.15%，色彩饱和度相对增加7.09倍～11.49倍，果色转黄3.82。模拟运输振动果实的呼吸主路径由三羧酸循环途径转换为糖酵解途径，电子传递主链由交替途径（alternative pathway）转换为细胞色素途径（cytochrome pathway），加快了冷藏鲜杏的后熟劣变。研究结果为鲜杏冷链物流品质调控技术的研发提供参考。
通過建立與實際冷藏運輸相近的三軸嚮模擬運輸振動條件和溫度條件，比較振動果實與靜置果實不同途徑呼吸速率及品質因子的差異和關聯，探知運輸振動誘導鮮杏品質劣變的可能途徑。以七成熟的小白杏為材料，3℃環境使用振動平檯模擬與冷藏車實際運輸過程三軸嚮振動彊度重疊率57.60%～67.75%的模擬條件處理果實。觀測3 d模擬運輸和冷藏貨架期間，果實不同途徑呼吸速率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、錶麵色值與等溫條件靜置下果實的差異。與靜置鮮杏相比，模擬運輸鮮杏總呼吸峰提前8 d、峰值提高3.26倍，三羧痠循環途徑（tricarboxylic acid cycle）呼吸峰提前3 d、峰值提高1.22倍，糖酵解途徑（Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas）和細胞色素途徑（cytochrome pathway）的呼吸速率提高4.62倍和9.64倍，燐痠戊糖途徑（phosphopentose pathway）呼吸峰提前9d。振動果實硬度偏低13.18%～19.34%，可溶性固形物含量偏高12.26%～27.15%，色綵飽和度相對增加7.09倍～11.49倍，果色轉黃3.82。模擬運輸振動果實的呼吸主路徑由三羧痠循環途徑轉換為糖酵解途徑，電子傳遞主鏈由交替途徑（alternative pathway）轉換為細胞色素途徑（cytochrome pathway），加快瞭冷藏鮮杏的後熟劣變。研究結果為鮮杏冷鏈物流品質調控技術的研髮提供參攷。
통과건립여실제랭장운수상근적삼축향모의운수진동조건화온도조건，비교진동과실여정치과실불동도경호흡속솔급품질인자적차이화관련，탐지운수진동유도선행품질렬변적가능도경。이칠성숙적소백행위재료，3℃배경사용진동평태모의여랭장차실제운수과정삼축향진동강도중첩솔57.60%～67.75%적모의조건처리과실。관측3 d모의운수화랭장화가기간，과실불동도경호흡속솔、경도、가용성고형물함량、표면색치여등온조건정치하과실적차이。여정치선행상비，모의운수선행총호흡봉제전8 d、봉치제고3.26배，삼최산순배도경（tricarboxylic acid cycle）호흡봉제전3 d、봉치제고1.22배，당효해도경（Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas）화세포색소도경（cytochrome pathway）적호흡속솔제고4.62배화9.64배，린산무당도경（phosphopentose pathway）호흡봉제전9d。진동과실경도편저13.18%～19.34%，가용성고형물함량편고12.26%～27.15%，색채포화도상대증가7.09배～11.49배，과색전황3.82。모의운수진동과실적호흡주로경유삼최산순배도경전환위당효해도경，전자전체주련유교체도경（alternative pathway）전환위세포색소도경（cytochrome pathway），가쾌료랭장선행적후숙렬변。연구결과위선행랭련물류품질조공기술적연발제공삼고。
Effects of simulated transport vibration on respiratory pathways and qualities in Xinjiang apricot were studied based on the similarity simulation. About 1.50 t fresh apricots (Xiao baixing) in physiological maturity stage were packaged in plastic crates and transported in a refrigerated truck at the average velocity of 60 km/h.X-axial (lateral), Y-axial (longitudinal) and Z-axial (vertical) vibration accelerations of apricot crates in refrigerated truck were measured using digital 3-dimensional (3D) acceleration recorders with a sampling rate of once every 2.0 seconds during the 10-hour highway transportation. A vibration simulation platform (self-triturating equipment) loaded 120 kg apricots packaged in plastic crates where the vibration of horizontal direction and vertical direction both initiated from 0 to 8.0 Hz with 1.0 Hz rise every 5 minutes. During the simulation, vibration was measured with 3D acceleration recorders sampling once every 50 ms to select the proper vibration frequency close to the real transportation. According to the repeatable measurements, the simulated vibration was 57.60%-67.75% similar to real transportation at 0.5 Hz. Frequencies of low acceleration vibrations on lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions were higher than real transport. Apricots were divided into 2 groups: one group was stored in static state for 20 d at 3℃; the other group was stored for 17 days 3 days after the simulated transport under the selected vibration condition at 3℃. The differences between simulated transport and static storage in respiratory pathways, firmness, SSC (soluble solid content) and pericarp color of apricots were analyzed.The total respiration rate of apricot reached peak in the first 2-day simulated transport vibration, which was earlier 8 days than the apricot in static storage, and the peak value raised by 3.26 times. Apricot TCAC (tricarboxyficacid cycle) respiration rate reached peak in first 2-day simulated transport vibration, which was earlier 3 days than the apricot in static storage, and the peak value raised by 1.22 times. Apricot EMP (Embden - Meyerhof - Parnas) and CP (cytochrome pathway) respiration rates also reached peaks in first 2-day simulated transport vibration; the peak values were respectively 4.62 times and 9.64 times higher than that of the apricot in static storage. Apricot PPP (phosphopentose pathway) respiration rate reached peak in the first day of simulated transport vibration, which was earlier 9 days than the apricot in static storage, but peak values were similar. The apricot’s major respiratory pathway of simulated transportation was switched from TCAC pathway to EMP pathway, and the major electron transport chain was switched from AP (alternative pathway) to CP. The shift of major respiratory pathway resulted in further maturity and quality deterioration in the apricots at late storage. 13.18%-19.34% loss of firmness was significantly correlated with the increases of TCAC respiratory rate and CP respiratory rate during the simulation transport. 12.26%-27.15% rise of SSC was the consequence of the increases of EMP, TCAC and CP respiratory rate during the simulation transport. The pericarp chroma was increased by 7.09-11.49 times, which was significantly correlated with the increases of EMP respiratory rate and CP respiratory rate during the simulation transport. The pericarp color turned yellow by 3.82, which was significantly correlated with the increase of EMP respiratory rate during the simulation transport. Results provide a reference for developing quality-control techniques of the cold-chain transport of the apricot.
