CAJ | 학술논문

土地整治中农民有效需求是否满足是判断土地整治目标实现与否的关键。以河南省农村地区的微观调查数据作为实证，运用二项逻辑回归模型，研究土地整治农民需求层次特征及影响因素，分析结果表明：土地整治中农民需求呈现层次化、差异化特征。农民在改善生产生活条件（需求层次Ⅰ）、土地流转（需求层次Ⅱ）和参与土地整治（需求层次Ⅲ）3个需求层次上存在需求的比例分别为89.1%、36.8%和62.7%，且不同区位的、已完成和即将开展土地整治项目区的农民，其需求层次选择存在显著差异；影响农民需求层次的关键因素差异明显。其中，家庭特征变量在农民的3个需求层次回归模型（分别为模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ）中都是显著的，农民认知变量在模型Ⅰ和Ⅲ中显著，个人特征和村庄特征在模型Ⅱ和Ⅲ中显著；农民对土地整治的需求逐步从单纯地改善生产生活条件向促进土地流转，并渴望通过参与行为寻求自我价值的实现等多层次需求转变。该结论为探索农民参与土地整治的行为逻辑、构建土地整治公众参与机制提供参考。
토지정치중농민유효수구시부만족시판단토지정치목표실현여부적관건。이하남성농촌지구적미관조사수거작위실증，운용이항라집회귀모형，연구토지정치농민수구층차특정급영향인소，분석결과표명：토지정치중농민수구정현층차화、차이화특정。농민재개선생산생활조건（수구층차Ⅰ）、토지류전（수구층차Ⅱ）화삼여토지정치（수구층차Ⅲ）3개수구층차상존재수구적비례분별위89.1%、36.8%화62.7%，차불동구위적、이완성화즉장개전토지정치항목구적농민，기수구층차선택존재현저차이；영향농민수구층차적관건인소차이명현。기중，가정특정변량재농민적3개수구층차회귀모형（분별위모형Ⅰ、Ⅱ화Ⅲ）중도시현저적，농민인지변량재모형Ⅰ화Ⅲ중현저，개인특정화촌장특정재모형Ⅱ화Ⅲ중현저；농민대토지정치적수구축보종단순지개선생산생활조건향촉진토지류전，병갈망통과삼여행위심구자아개치적실현등다층차수구전변。해결론위탐색농민삼여토지정치적행위라집、구건토지정치공음삼여궤제제공삼고。
Realizing the objective of land consolidation depends on whether the farmers’ demands have been satisfied. Based on the micro-survey data in the rural areas of He′nan Province, The binary logistic regression models by IBM SPSS were used to research the characteristics and the influence factors of farmers’ hierarchy of needs in land consolidation. Considering the impact of village location and different stages of land consolidation project on local economy development level and farmers’ demands, this paper selected several villages which were located at the mountain, suburban and exurban areas between the areas land consolidation had been completed and the upcoming areas. The questionnaire surveys were designed from the angle of farmers’ needs, and a face-to-face investigation was conducted with farmers by random sampling. The result showed that farmers’ needs had hierarchical and differentiated features in land consolidation. The proportions of choices in improving farming and living conditions (Need hierarchyⅠ), transferring their farmland (Need hierarchyⅡ), and participating land consolidation (Need hierarchyⅢ), were 89.09%, 36.8% and 62.7%, respectively. Some farmers had needs not only on one hierarchy, but also on two hierarchies above, and the difference in selecting hierarchy of needs existed among the farmers in different locations and different stages of their land consolidation project. In the villages which had completed land consolidation, the proportions of choices in Need hierarchyⅠ, as well as simultaneously in Need hierarchyⅠandⅢ, were higher than the villages which had not. Meanwhile, in the suburban areas, the proportion of choices in Need hierarchyⅡwas higher than the exurban areas and mountain areas. And, the mountain areas had the highest proportion of choices in Need hierarchyⅠ. There were significant differences in farmers’ hierarchy of needs in land consolidation. The factors which had effect on selecting hierarchy of needs for farmers contained personal characteristics, household characteristics, village characteristics and cognition characteristics. Family characteristics had significant impact on all the three models, farmers' cognition had significant impact on modelⅠ andⅢ, and personal and community characteristics also had significant impacts on modelⅡandⅢ. More specifically, the lower the proportion of nonfarm income, the more cultivated plot, the larger family size and the higher cognition degree, the stronger demand the farmers had in Need hierarchyⅠ. Similarly, the farmers with the higher proportion of nonfarm income and the larger cultivated area, the younger, and the farmers who were village cadres and in villages which established rural social organizations had stronger demand in Need hierarchyⅡ. And, the farmers who lived in the areas which completed land consolidation and in the villages which established rural social organizations, the farmers with the higher cognition degree and the larger cultivated area, male and village cadres, had stronger demand in Need hierarchyⅢ. What’s more, the needs of farmers in land consolidation have turned the hierarchy of needⅠinto hierarchy of needⅡ,Ⅲ and multi-hierarchy need for realizing self-worth through their participation. These results can provide relevant reference for exploring the behavior logic of farmers in participating land consolidation, and building public participation mechanism for land consolidation in the foreseeable future.