水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2015年
2期
146-152
,共7页
邵东国%李颖%杨平富%高明利
邵東國%李穎%楊平富%高明利
소동국%리영%양평부%고명리
节水灌溉%Hydrus-1D%一阶动力学系数%氮素
節水灌溉%Hydrus-1D%一階動力學繫數%氮素
절수관개%Hydrus-1D%일계동역학계수%담소
water-saving irrigation%Hydrus-1D%coefficient of first-order kinetics%nitrogen
为了揭示稻田不同节水灌溉与施肥管理方式下氮素迁移转化与利用损失规律,以指导水稻田的水肥管理,以水稻生育期田间水分氮素监测试验为基础,运用Hydrus-1D结合一阶动力学方法建立模型,对不同节水灌溉、肥料管理条件下的氮素运移进行模拟,并以反演的综合一阶动力学系数作为统一的评价指标,对不同方案处理下的氮素利用效率及环境效应进行分析评价。结果表明,植物吸收利用对于分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期土壤水中氮素变化速率的影响比较显著;而氮素的主要损失差异在于分蘖肥和拔节肥导致的分蘖期和拔节孕穗期氨挥发损失效率大,以及分蘖期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期NO3-的反硝化作用造成的氮素变化差异明显;浅灌深蓄(G1)的NO3-综合一阶动力学系数较浅勤灌溉(G2)小,NO3-损失速率较小;施用氮肥(135 kg/hm2)(F1)施肥模式、(G1)灌溉模式下的植物吸收效率较另两种模式高,对应产量也较高;建议采用浅灌深蓄(G1)的节灌方式,同时采取分次施肥、深施等措施减少氨挥发损失,对于提高稻田氮素利用率尤为重要。
為瞭揭示稻田不同節水灌溉與施肥管理方式下氮素遷移轉化與利用損失規律,以指導水稻田的水肥管理,以水稻生育期田間水分氮素鑑測試驗為基礎,運用Hydrus-1D結閤一階動力學方法建立模型,對不同節水灌溉、肥料管理條件下的氮素運移進行模擬,併以反縯的綜閤一階動力學繫數作為統一的評價指標,對不同方案處理下的氮素利用效率及環境效應進行分析評價。結果錶明,植物吸收利用對于分蘗期、拔節孕穗期和抽穗開花期土壤水中氮素變化速率的影響比較顯著;而氮素的主要損失差異在于分蘗肥和拔節肥導緻的分蘗期和拔節孕穗期氨揮髮損失效率大,以及分蘗期、抽穗開花期和乳熟期NO3-的反硝化作用造成的氮素變化差異明顯;淺灌深蓄(G1)的NO3-綜閤一階動力學繫數較淺勤灌溉(G2)小,NO3-損失速率較小;施用氮肥(135 kg/hm2)(F1)施肥模式、(G1)灌溉模式下的植物吸收效率較另兩種模式高,對應產量也較高;建議採用淺灌深蓄(G1)的節灌方式,同時採取分次施肥、深施等措施減少氨揮髮損失,對于提高稻田氮素利用率尤為重要。
위료게시도전불동절수관개여시비관리방식하담소천이전화여이용손실규률,이지도수도전적수비관리,이수도생육기전간수분담소감측시험위기출,운용Hydrus-1D결합일계동역학방법건립모형,대불동절수관개、비료관리조건하적담소운이진행모의,병이반연적종합일계동역학계수작위통일적평개지표,대불동방안처리하적담소이용효솔급배경효응진행분석평개。결과표명,식물흡수이용대우분얼기、발절잉수기화추수개화기토양수중담소변화속솔적영향비교현저;이담소적주요손실차이재우분얼비화발절비도치적분얼기화발절잉수기안휘발손실효솔대,이급분얼기、추수개화기화유숙기NO3-적반초화작용조성적담소변화차이명현;천관심축(G1)적NO3-종합일계동역학계수교천근관개(G2)소,NO3-손실속솔교소;시용담비(135 kg/hm2)(F1)시비모식、(G1)관개모식하적식물흡수효솔교령량충모식고,대응산량야교고;건의채용천관심축(G1)적절관방식,동시채취분차시비、심시등조시감소안휘발손실,대우제고도전담소이용솔우위중요。
In order to investigate the movement and transformation processes of nitrogen in paddy field un?der water-saving irrigation and fertilization management, experiments of the water and nitrogen measure?ments were conducted during the rice growth period. The model based on the Hydrus-1D and the first-or?der kinetics has been developed to simulate the transformation processes of nitrogen under the different wa?ter and nitrogen treatments, and to inverse the comprehensive coefficient of first-order kinetics. A compre?hensive coefficient of the first-order kinetics is adopted as the evaluation index to estimate the utilization ef?ficiency of nitrogen and to evaluate the impact of irrigation water and fertilizer N input on the environment. The results show that plant uptake is outstanding during the tillering stage,jointing-booting stage,and flow?ering stage, while the nitrogen losses is remarkable by the ammonia volatilization at the tillering stage and jointing-booting stage and the denitrification at the tillering stage, flowering stage, and milk-ripe stage. The comprehensive coefficient of the first-order kinetics of NO-3 under the shallow-irrigation and deep-sluice model (G1) is smaller than that under the shallow-wet irrigation (G2), which indicates the smaller rate of NO-3 loss in the G1 case. The ratio of plant uptake and yield under the fertilization pattern (135 kg/hm2)(F1) or shallow-irrigation and deep-sluice model (G1) is higher than the others. Thus the shallow-irrigation and deep-sluice model (G1) and more nitrogen supply splits is beneficial to decrease ni?trogen losses and improve nitrogen efficiency.