农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
5期
23-28
,共6页
王丽红%梁荣庆%秦金伟%坎杂%李成松%朱兴亮
王麗紅%樑榮慶%秦金偉%坎雜%李成鬆%硃興亮
왕려홍%량영경%진금위%감잡%리성송%주흥량
优化%回归分析%分离%加工番茄%响应曲面
優化%迴歸分析%分離%加工番茄%響應麯麵
우화%회귀분석%분리%가공번가%향응곡면
optimization%regression analysis%separation%processing tomato%response surface methodology
为满足自走式番茄收获机国产化研究不断推进的需要，采用CCD（central composite design）设计与响应曲面分析（response surface methodology，RSM）对果秧分离性能作优化研究。以收获生产率、摇摆器转速、输料链速度为自变量，果秧分离性能(果秧分离率和果实破损率)为响应指标，建立了二者间的多元数学回归模型，探究了因素间的影响规律及最佳水平组合。通过Design Expert 9.0软件对试验参数进行优化，确定了在满足果秧分离率、果实破损率符合番茄收获机作业质量标准(NYT1824-2009)条件下的最优分离参数组合。结果表明：果秧分离率影响因素显著程度顺序为：摇摆器转速＞收获生产率＞输料链速；果实破损率影响因素显著程度顺序为：摇摆器转速＞输料链速＞收获生产率；最优参数组合为收获生产率34.2 t/h、摇摆器转速为409.3 r/min、输料链速为0.71 m/s；对应的果秧分离率、果实破损率预测值分别为96.27%、2.12%。经验证，应用响应曲面分析法所得到的果秧分离参数是可行的，该研究可为加工番茄果秧振动分离技术的进一步研究提供理论基础和科学依据，亦可为果品振动收获技术参数的优化提供参考。
為滿足自走式番茄收穫機國產化研究不斷推進的需要，採用CCD（central composite design）設計與響應麯麵分析（response surface methodology，RSM）對果秧分離性能作優化研究。以收穫生產率、搖襬器轉速、輸料鏈速度為自變量，果秧分離性能(果秧分離率和果實破損率)為響應指標，建立瞭二者間的多元數學迴歸模型，探究瞭因素間的影響規律及最佳水平組閤。通過Design Expert 9.0軟件對試驗參數進行優化，確定瞭在滿足果秧分離率、果實破損率符閤番茄收穫機作業質量標準(NYT1824-2009)條件下的最優分離參數組閤。結果錶明：果秧分離率影響因素顯著程度順序為：搖襬器轉速＞收穫生產率＞輸料鏈速；果實破損率影響因素顯著程度順序為：搖襬器轉速＞輸料鏈速＞收穫生產率；最優參數組閤為收穫生產率34.2 t/h、搖襬器轉速為409.3 r/min、輸料鏈速為0.71 m/s；對應的果秧分離率、果實破損率預測值分彆為96.27%、2.12%。經驗證，應用響應麯麵分析法所得到的果秧分離參數是可行的，該研究可為加工番茄果秧振動分離技術的進一步研究提供理論基礎和科學依據，亦可為果品振動收穫技術參數的優化提供參攷。
위만족자주식번가수획궤국산화연구불단추진적수요，채용CCD（central composite design）설계여향응곡면분석（response surface methodology，RSM）대과앙분리성능작우화연구。이수획생산솔、요파기전속、수료련속도위자변량，과앙분리성능(과앙분리솔화과실파손솔)위향응지표，건립료이자간적다원수학회귀모형，탐구료인소간적영향규률급최가수평조합。통과Design Expert 9.0연건대시험삼수진행우화，학정료재만족과앙분리솔、과실파손솔부합번가수획궤작업질량표준(NYT1824-2009)조건하적최우분리삼수조합。결과표명：과앙분리솔영향인소현저정도순서위：요파기전속＞수획생산솔＞수료련속；과실파손솔영향인소현저정도순서위：요파기전속＞수료련속＞수획생산솔；최우삼수조합위수획생산솔34.2 t/h、요파기전속위409.3 r/min、수료련속위0.71 m/s；대응적과앙분리솔、과실파손솔예측치분별위96.27%、2.12%。경험증，응용향응곡면분석법소득도적과앙분리삼수시가행적，해연구가위가공번가과앙진동분리기술적진일보연구제공이론기출화과학의거，역가위과품진동수획기술삼수적우화제공삼고。
In order to meet the needs of localization in China about the self-propelled tomato harvester, two methods of CCD (central composite design) and RSM (response surface methodology) were employed to optimize the performance of fruit-seedling separation. The testing device of fruit-seedling separation was consisted of wiggler (including eccentric block, exciter and timing belt pulleys), separation roller, separation tine and damper components. Rotary motion from the power source was turned into a variable speed rotary motion by the eccentric drive mechanism of the wiggler, and passed to the separation roller to achieve the fruit-seedling separation through its periodic oscillations. When the testing device worked, tomato plants were transported to the fruit-seedling separation device by the conveying chain and got the separation of fruit and vine. The processing tomatoes were sent to picking boxes through conveying chain after being separated. The velocity of conveying chain and the wiggler speed could be adjusted through the transducer-controlled drive motor. The harvesting productivity was controlled by the amount of tomato plants fed and the separation time in the separation roller. The determination and calculation of fruit-seedling separation rate and fruit damage rate was based on the reference to the tomato harvester work quality standards (NYT 1824-2009). The productivity, wiggler speed and chain velocity were taken as 3 independent variables and fruit-seedling separation rate and fruit damage rate were the responsive variables. The relationship between these 3 variables and 2 responsive variables was explored by the RSM. The mathematical regression model was established by using the CCD method and the influencing rules of the factors were explored. The experimental parameters were optimized by using the Design Expert 9.0 software. The optimal combination of separation parameters was determined, under the condition that the tomato separation rate and tomato damage rate both met the quality standard for tomato harvester (NYT1824-2009). The result showed that, in terms of significant degree, the influence factors of separation rate were the wiggler speed, the productivity and the chain velocity, respectively, and the influence factors of damage rate were the wiggler speed, the chain velocity and the productivity, respectively. The optimal combination of parameters was 34.2 t/h of the productivity, 409.3 r/min of the wiggler speed and 0.71 m/s of the chain velocity. The rates of tomato separation and damage predicted by the models were 96.27% and 2.12%, respectively. The model validation tests had been repeated for 5 times on processing tomato fruit-seedling separation device by using the optimization results in the laboratory of agricultural machinery of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Both of the relative errors between the experimental and predicted values of fruit-seedling separation rate and fruit damage rate were less than 5%, which indicated a reasonable choice of optimization conditions. Predicted value of fruit-seedling separation rate was 96.27%, which was greater than 95.5%, and predicted value of tomato damage rate was 2.12%, which was less than 5%. It met the threshold limit values of 95.5% and 5% about operating quality for tomato harvester (NYT1824-2009). Therefore, the prediction model of separation performance established was appropriate and the optimization separation parameters obtained were also feasible. The test was based on double eccentric vibration generator device and only Riegel 87-5 was selected as the testing object. Further study on fruit-seedling separation properties under different kinds of processing tomatoes and different types of vibration generators was recommended. This study showed that fruit-seedling separation parameters obtained by the RSM were feasible, which might provide a theoretical basis for further research of fruit-seedling vibration separation technology of processing tomato.
