测绘学报
測繪學報
측회학보
ACTA GEODAETICA ET CARTOGRAPHICA SINICA
2015年
2期
119-127
,共9页
张小红%朱锋%薛学铭%唐龙
張小紅%硃鋒%薛學銘%唐龍
장소홍%주봉%설학명%당룡
Allan 方差%GPS 数据%随机模型%噪声成分%噪声参数%验后残差
Allan 方差%GPS 數據%隨機模型%譟聲成分%譟聲參數%驗後殘差
Allan 방차%GPS 수거%수궤모형%조성성분%조성삼수%험후잔차
Allan variance%GPS observation%stochastic model%noise component%noise parameter%posteriori residuals
非差 GPS 定位中,通常采用以观测值服从高斯白噪声条件的估计准则进行参数求解。研究表明卫星端误差、传播路径误差、测站环境误差等会破坏观测值的白噪声特性,并且未模型化误差同样具有不利影响。这不仅破坏了估计准则的假设条件,而且部分非白噪声有可能被状态参数吸收,影响估计的准确性。本文将观测值白噪声、有色噪声和未模型化误差一同纳入 GPS 非差随机模型,以验后残差来表征 GPS 数据的随机特性,进行 Allan 方差分析,研究噪声成分及其参数。结果表明,GPS 非差噪声组合主要为 WN + GM ,相位白噪声为2.392 mm ,GM过程噪声为4.450 mm/ s ,相关时间为52.074 s ,伪距白噪声为0.936 m ,GM过程噪声为0.833 m/ s ,相关时间为14.737 s ,相位的 GM过程噪声与卫星相关性较大,而其余噪声则与测站相关性较大,大量分析结果表明 GPS 非差随机模型并不服从高斯白噪声假设,有待精化。
非差 GPS 定位中,通常採用以觀測值服從高斯白譟聲條件的估計準則進行參數求解。研究錶明衛星耑誤差、傳播路徑誤差、測站環境誤差等會破壞觀測值的白譟聲特性,併且未模型化誤差同樣具有不利影響。這不僅破壞瞭估計準則的假設條件,而且部分非白譟聲有可能被狀態參數吸收,影響估計的準確性。本文將觀測值白譟聲、有色譟聲和未模型化誤差一同納入 GPS 非差隨機模型,以驗後殘差來錶徵 GPS 數據的隨機特性,進行 Allan 方差分析,研究譟聲成分及其參數。結果錶明,GPS 非差譟聲組閤主要為 WN + GM ,相位白譟聲為2.392 mm ,GM過程譟聲為4.450 mm/ s ,相關時間為52.074 s ,偽距白譟聲為0.936 m ,GM過程譟聲為0.833 m/ s ,相關時間為14.737 s ,相位的 GM過程譟聲與衛星相關性較大,而其餘譟聲則與測站相關性較大,大量分析結果錶明 GPS 非差隨機模型併不服從高斯白譟聲假設,有待精化。
비차 GPS 정위중,통상채용이관측치복종고사백조성조건적고계준칙진행삼수구해。연구표명위성단오차、전파로경오차、측참배경오차등회파배관측치적백조성특성,병차미모형화오차동양구유불리영향。저불부파배료고계준칙적가설조건,이차부분비백조성유가능피상태삼수흡수,영향고계적준학성。본문장관측치백조성、유색조성화미모형화오차일동납입 GPS 비차수궤모형,이험후잔차래표정 GPS 수거적수궤특성,진행 Allan 방차분석,연구조성성분급기삼수。결과표명,GPS 비차조성조합주요위 WN + GM ,상위백조성위2.392 mm ,GM과정조성위4.450 mm/ s ,상관시간위52.074 s ,위거백조성위0.936 m ,GM과정조성위0.833 m/ s ,상관시간위14.737 s ,상위적 GM과정조성여위성상관성교대,이기여조성칙여측참상관성교대,대량분석결과표명 GPS 비차수궤모형병불복종고사백조성가설,유대정화。
The estimation criteria for solving parameters in zero‐differenced GPS positioning is that obser‐vations obey Gaussian white noise distribution .But a number of pioneering studies point out that the white noise would be damaged by satellites errors ,propagation errors ,station environment errors and so on . Meanwhile ,un‐modeling errors also have adverse effects .These errors not only undermine the assumption estimation criteria ,and some non‐white noises are likely to be absorbed by state parameters .In result ,the accuracy of estimates is influenced .This paper regards white noise ,colored noise and un‐modeling errors as ZD stochastic model of GPS .Then the Allan variance method is proposed to analyze the posteriori residuals which can represent the Stochastic characteristics of GPS data .Noise component and parameters are mainly investigated .The result shows GPS noise behaves as WN plus GM .The phase and pseudorange WN is 2 .392 mm and 0 .936 mrespectively ,GM process noise is 4 .450 mm/ s and 0 .833 m/ s respectively , correlation time is 52 .074 s and 14 .737 s respectively .It is found that the phase GMcomponent is associated with satellite ,but the rest is associated with station .A number of analysis indicate that the ZD stochastic model characteristics of GPS obeys non‐Gaussian white noise distribution and is to be refined .