茶叶科学
茶葉科學
다협과학
2015年
1期
82-90
,共9页
王峰%陈玉真%尤志明%吴志丹%江福英%张文锦%翁伯琦
王峰%陳玉真%尤誌明%吳誌丹%江福英%張文錦%翁伯琦
왕봉%진옥진%우지명%오지단%강복영%장문금%옹백기
茶园土壤%氮肥水平%硝化作用%pH
茶園土壤%氮肥水平%硝化作用%pH
다완토양%담비수평%초화작용%pH
tea gardensoil%Nitrogen fertilizer application rate%nitrification%pH
在土壤最大持水量60%和温度25℃的实验室培养条件下,对采自福建武夷山的两种类型土壤(黄壤和红壤)进行46 d的培养实验,研究了不同施氮量对茶园土壤硝化作用和pH值的影响。结果表明,两种茶园土壤中尿素的水解过程有明显差别,黄壤茶园土壤中尿素水解率高且较快(2~6 d),红壤茶园中水解过程达到了16 d;对照处理(N0)两种茶园硝化率分别为81.32%和73.48%,黄壤茶园土壤硝化作用显著高于红壤茶园(P<0.05);无论施氮与否,两种茶园土壤 NO3--N 含量随时间的变化趋势呈“J”型,具有11~16 d 的延滞期,符合指数方程 N=N0ekt(P<0.01);施氮后,两种茶园土壤的净消化量、净硝化速率和 k 值(P<0.05)均显著增加,且随施氮量的增加而增加,但土壤硝化率(P<0.05)显著降低;无论施氮与否,黄壤茶园土壤N2O排放速率在培养期间总体高于红壤茶园土壤,且前者累积排放量显著高于后者(P<0.05);氮肥施用导致两种茶园土壤 pH 值下降,较对照分别下降了0.16~0.52和0.11~0.25,施氮量越大,pH 值下降越多。以上结果表明,研究中两种茶园土壤硝化作用较强,均存在硝化作用延滞期(11~16 d),有利于茶树对铵态氮的吸收利用;施氮导致土壤pH值降低,加速土壤酸化。
在土壤最大持水量60%和溫度25℃的實驗室培養條件下,對採自福建武夷山的兩種類型土壤(黃壤和紅壤)進行46 d的培養實驗,研究瞭不同施氮量對茶園土壤硝化作用和pH值的影響。結果錶明,兩種茶園土壤中尿素的水解過程有明顯差彆,黃壤茶園土壤中尿素水解率高且較快(2~6 d),紅壤茶園中水解過程達到瞭16 d;對照處理(N0)兩種茶園硝化率分彆為81.32%和73.48%,黃壤茶園土壤硝化作用顯著高于紅壤茶園(P<0.05);無論施氮與否,兩種茶園土壤 NO3--N 含量隨時間的變化趨勢呈“J”型,具有11~16 d 的延滯期,符閤指數方程 N=N0ekt(P<0.01);施氮後,兩種茶園土壤的淨消化量、淨硝化速率和 k 值(P<0.05)均顯著增加,且隨施氮量的增加而增加,但土壤硝化率(P<0.05)顯著降低;無論施氮與否,黃壤茶園土壤N2O排放速率在培養期間總體高于紅壤茶園土壤,且前者纍積排放量顯著高于後者(P<0.05);氮肥施用導緻兩種茶園土壤 pH 值下降,較對照分彆下降瞭0.16~0.52和0.11~0.25,施氮量越大,pH 值下降越多。以上結果錶明,研究中兩種茶園土壤硝化作用較彊,均存在硝化作用延滯期(11~16 d),有利于茶樹對銨態氮的吸收利用;施氮導緻土壤pH值降低,加速土壤痠化。
재토양최대지수량60%화온도25℃적실험실배양조건하,대채자복건무이산적량충류형토양(황양화홍양)진행46 d적배양실험,연구료불동시담량대다완토양초화작용화pH치적영향。결과표명,량충다완토양중뇨소적수해과정유명현차별,황양다완토양중뇨소수해솔고차교쾌(2~6 d),홍양다완중수해과정체도료16 d;대조처리(N0)량충다완초화솔분별위81.32%화73.48%,황양다완토양초화작용현저고우홍양다완(P<0.05);무론시담여부,량충다완토양 NO3--N 함량수시간적변화추세정“J”형,구유11~16 d 적연체기,부합지수방정 N=N0ekt(P<0.01);시담후,량충다완토양적정소화량、정초화속솔화 k 치(P<0.05)균현저증가,차수시담량적증가이증가,단토양초화솔(P<0.05)현저강저;무론시담여부,황양다완토양N2O배방속솔재배양기간총체고우홍양다완토양,차전자루적배방량현저고우후자(P<0.05);담비시용도치량충다완토양 pH 치하강,교대조분별하강료0.16~0.52화0.11~0.25,시담량월대,pH 치하강월다。이상결과표명,연구중량충다완토양초화작용교강,균존재초화작용연체기(11~16 d),유리우다수대안태담적흡수이용;시담도치토양pH치강저,가속토양산화。
Two tea garden soils(yellow soil and red soil)derivedfromWuyishan Citywere incubated at25℃with a soil moisturecontent of 60% water holding capacity (WHC) for46 days.The dynamicsofnitrification andpHofsoil after urea applicationat different rateswere measured.The resultsshow thatureaishydrolyzedfast(2-6d)with a highnitrificationactivityin yellow soil.However,theureaishydrolyzedrelativelyslow(16d)inred soil.The nitrification rateintwo tea gardensoilsare81.32%and73.48%respectively, andthenitrificationactivityin yellow soilissignificantlyhigherthanthat inred soil(P<0.05).With or withoutnitrogenapplication,changing tendency of the contents ofNO3-Nintwotea garden soilsshow as‘J’typewith an obvious delaystep for 11-16days.The nitrification in theseteagardensoils followsthe exponential modelN=N0ekt(P<0.01).Compared with the control treatment,thenetamount of nitrified nitrogen, netnitrificationrate andkvalueincrease with the urea N application rates,however, thenitrification rates decreased withtheureaNapplication rates.With or withoutNitrogen Application, theN2Ofluxes fromyellowteagardensoilwere higher than those fromred tea garden soil(P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, soil pH decreasedby0.16-0.52 and0.11-0.25pHunitswith the urea N application rates.These results indicatedthattwohighly acidicteagardensoilsshowedhighnitrification activity(delay stepwere 11-16 days),andbe conducive toabsorbNH4+-N.Urea application coulddecrease soil pH, and thenitrogen application rateisoneofthe main factors accelerating acidificationoftea gardensoil.