CAJ | 학술논문

旨在介绍日本见岛牛的保种及利用经验，为中国地方良种牛遗传资源的保护与开发利用提供参考。本研究通过对日本山口大学和山口县农林综合技术中心参观访问和参阅相关见岛牛的研究资料，较系统地介绍“见岛牛”的形成过程、生产和繁殖性能及其利用现状。结果表明：见岛牛于1928年被指定为日本“国家自然珍宝”，被认为是日本最古老的本土和牛，也是日本极为重要的牛种遗传资源。见岛牛肉质优良，能产生极好的“降霜肉”。通过采用见岛牛公牛（冷冻精液）与荷斯坦母牛杂交方式可生产高产、优质肉牛。见岛牛不但晚熟、体型小、繁殖率低，而且种群数量少，近交系数高。用见岛牛公牛（冷冻精液）改良肉、奶牛生产高产优质肉牛具有良好应用的前景。
지재개소일본견도우적보충급이용경험，위중국지방량충우유전자원적보호여개발이용제공삼고。본연구통과대일본산구대학화산구현농림종합기술중심삼관방문화삼열상관견도우적연구자료，교계통지개소“견도우”적형성과정、생산화번식성능급기이용현상。결과표명：견도우우1928년피지정위일본“국가자연진보”，피인위시일본최고로적본토화우，야시일본겁위중요적우충유전자원。견도우육질우량，능산생겁호적“강상육”。통과채용견도우공우（냉동정액）여하사탄모우잡교방식가생산고산、우질육우。견도우불단만숙、체형소、번식솔저，이차충군수량소，근교계수고。용견도우공우（냉동정액）개량육、내우생산고산우질육우구유량호응용적전경。
In order to provide the guidance and reference on protection, development and utilization of genetic resources to the local rare bovine species in China, the experience of conservation and utilization on Mishima Cattle in Japan was introduced. The formation process, production and reproductive performances in Mishima Cattle were systematically stated via visiting Yamaguchi University and the Technological Center of Agriculture and Forestry, Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan, and referring the related data of Mishima Cattle. Mishima Cattle were designated as Japanese‘national natural treasure’in 1928, which was regarded as the oldest Japanese Cattle and the most important bovine resource in Japan. Mishima Cattle had the ability of top-quality beef with‘flake meat’. Mishima bull (and/or frozen semen) crossed Holstein cows to produce the hybrids with high yield and high-quality beef. However, Mishima Cattle not only matured later, possessed small body size, low reproduction rate, but also had smaller population size and high inbreeding coefficient. It is practical that Mishima bull and/or frozen semen cross beef and dairy breeds to produce high-quality beef.