CAJ | 학술논문

利用1971—2010年河南省均匀分布的110个地面气象站的霜观测资料，采用线性倾向率和单相关分析法，对近40 a河南省初霜期、终霜期和无霜期的时空分布特征及其对气温的响应进行研究，并利用M-K法分析霜期的突变特征。结果表明：1971—2010年河南省平均无霜期为221.3 d，纬度与初霜期（R＝－0.806）和无霜期（R＝－0.707）均呈显著负相关，与终霜期（R＝0.557）呈显著正相关；初霜期以2.6 d／10 a的速率呈明显推迟（P＜0.01），而终霜期的线性变化趋势不明显，无霜期以4.7 d／10 a的速率呈明显延长（P＜0.01）；初霜期、终霜期和无霜期的突变点均在1998年。从各地区看，初霜期在各地区呈明显推迟，豫西地区推迟趋势最大（3.5 d／10 a，P＜0.01）；终霜期仅在豫西和豫南地区呈显著提前；除豫东地区外，无霜期在其余5个地区均呈明显延长，豫西地区延长趋势最大（7.7 d／10 a，P＜0.01）。从各观测站霜期的变化趋势空间分布来看，初霜期显著推后、终霜期显著提前和无霜期明显延长的站点分布在豫西和豫南地区。河南省初霜期与10月、终霜期与3月气温因子相关性较大；初霜期推迟和终霜期提前主要由气温升高引起的，其中平均最低气温是最重要的影响因素。初霜期推迟和终霜期提前导致无霜期延长。
이용1971—2010년하남성균균분포적110개지면기상참적상관측자료，채용선성경향솔화단상관분석법，대근40 a하남성초상기、종상기화무상기적시공분포특정급기대기온적향응진행연구，병이용M-K법분석상기적돌변특정。결과표명：1971—2010년하남성평균무상기위221.3 d，위도여초상기（R＝－0.806）화무상기（R＝－0.707）균정현저부상관，여종상기（R＝0.557）정현저정상관；초상기이2.6 d／10 a적속솔정명현추지（P＜0.01），이종상기적선성변화추세불명현，무상기이4.7 d／10 a적속솔정명현연장（P＜0.01）；초상기、종상기화무상기적돌변점균재1998년。종각지구간，초상기재각지구정명현추지，예서지구추지추세최대（3.5 d／10 a，P＜0.01）；종상기부재예서화예남지구정현저제전；제예동지구외，무상기재기여5개지구균정명현연장，예서지구연장추세최대（7.7 d／10 a，P＜0.01）。종각관측참상기적변화추세공간분포래간，초상기현저추후、종상기현저제전화무상기명현연장적참점분포재예서화예남지구。하남성초상기여10월、종상기여3월기온인자상관성교대；초상기추지화종상기제전주요유기온승고인기적，기중평균최저기온시최중요적영향인소。초상기추지화종상기제전도치무상기연장。
Based on frost date data at 110 weather stations of He′nan province from 1971 to 2010,spatial and tem-poral distribution characteristics of the first and latest frost dates and frost-free period as well as its response to air temperature changes were analyzed by methods of a linear trend and a single correlation,and its abrupt change fea-ture was also discussed based on the analysis using a Mann-Kendall method.The results show that average frost-free period is 221. 3 days.Latitude is significantly negative correlation with the first frost date and frost-free peri-od,and both correlation coefficients are -0. 806 and -0. 707 respectively;it is significantly positive correlation with the latest frost date,and correlation coefficient reaches 0. 557.The first frost date delays at the rate of 2. 6 days per decade(P<0. 01);the latest frost date has no significant trend;the frost-free period increases at the rate of 4. 7 days per decade(P<0. 01).The abrupt changes of the first frost date,last frost date and frost-free period all appear in 1998.Trends of the first frost date,last frost date and frost-free period differ in different regions.The first frost date delays in all six regions,especially in the west of He′nan province with 3. 5 days per decade(P<0. 01).The latest frost date only advances in the west and south of He′nan province.The frost-free period extends obviously except in the east of He′nan province,especially in the west with 7. 7 days per decade(P<0. 01 ).For the spatial distribution of frost period at 1 10 weather stations,the areas in which the first frost date is postponed significantly,in which the last frost date appears obviously earlier and in which the frost-free period extends obvi-ously mainly include the western and southern parts of He′nan province.The first frost date is significantly related to temperature of October,while the last frost date is markedly correlated with temperature of March.Changes of the first frost and latest frost dates are mainly attributed to increasing air temperature,especially increasing average minimum air temperature in He′nan province.The first frost date delays and the latest frost date is in advance, which leads to frost-free period extending.