CAJ | 학술논문

针对岗南水库水体中度富营养化的现状，在保证作物稳产的同时，最大限度减少农田养分流失是降低农田面源污染、缓解水体富营养化的必由之路。以氮平衡原理研究氮素的盈余或亏缺，开展了不同水肥组合对岗南水库周边冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中氮素淋失的影响研究。结果表明：在岗南水库周边旱地小麦-玉米轮作体系下，施氮量、施肥类型和灌水共同影响了硝态氮向深层的淋失，且施氮效应大于灌水效应。除不施氮的对照处理以外，其他水肥组合的土壤氮素均有盈余，淋失到140 cm以下的硝态氮量在35．23～212．53 kg／（hm2· a）。推荐环境友好水肥组合为缓控释肥的精确施用处理N控W2，比农民习惯施肥量的处理N2W2氮素淋失量减少141．19 kg／（hm2· a），减少了80％。通过合理施肥与灌溉能有效降低岗南水库周边旱地小麦-玉米农区氮素淋失，提高肥料利用率，减少硝酸盐对地下水的威胁，对于保护石家庄珍贵的水资源具有十分重要的意义。
침대강남수고수체중도부영양화적현상，재보증작물은산적동시，최대한도감소농전양분류실시강저농전면원오염、완해수체부영양화적필유지로。이담평형원리연구담소적영여혹우결，개전료불동수비조합대강남수고주변동소맥-하옥미충식체계중담소림실적영향연구。결과표명：재강남수고주변한지소맥-옥미륜작체계하，시담량、시비류형화관수공동영향료초태담향심층적림실，차시담효응대우관수효응。제불시담적대조처리이외，기타수비조합적토양담소균유영여，림실도140 cm이하적초태담량재35．23～212．53 kg／（hm2· a）。추천배경우호수비조합위완공석비적정학시용처리N공W2，비농민습관시비량적처리N2W2담소림실량감소141．19 kg／（hm2· a），감소료80％。통과합리시비여관개능유효강저강남수고주변한지소맥-옥미농구담소림실，제고비료이용솔，감소초산염대지하수적위협，대우보호석가장진귀적수자원구유십분중요적의의。
According to the serious eutrophication status of Gangnan reservoir ,reducing the N leaching in maxi-mum when meeting the need of crop growth is the only way for minimizing the non-point pollution in cropland .In this study ,balance theory of nitrogen was used to research the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on surplus or loss of nitrogen .The results showed that fertilization and irrigation both effected NO 3-N leaching to deep soil layer ,and fer-tilization was the prominent factor .N in 0-140 cm soil layer of water-fertilizer combination was surplus except CK . Leaching NO3-N under 140 cm was between 35.23-212.53 kg/(ha· a) with different water and fertilizer.The most environmental friendly combination was NconW2,and it reduced the nitrogen leaching 141.19 kg/(ha·a) than N2 W2 ,the rate was 80%.The reasonable fertilizer and irrigation can effectively decrease the nitrogen leaching ,im-prove the fertilizer utilization efficiency ,and reduce the menace from nitrate to groundwater in Wheat-maize cropping fields surrounding Gangnan reservoir .