CAJ | 학술논문

对船桥撞击过程引发的几个冲击动力学论题进行了分析。研究表明：①为降低船撞力，应采用柔性（低的结构动态广义波阻抗）防撞装置；②撞击力所做的功，通过应力波传播转化为内能（变形能）与动能之和；而变形能中的不可逆部分愈高，防撞装置发挥的整体作用愈大，则愈有利于防撞装置发挥缓冲耗能作用。并且如何让船舶尽早结束撞击并带走尽量多的剩余动能，应是防撞装置设计的关键点；③黏性耗能可缓冲撞击过程、延长撞击历时，有利于防撞装置发挥整体作用，进而为船舶在低应力下转向滑离、从而带走尽可能多的剩余动能创造条件。因此，船撞桥防护装置的设计应该建立在如下的科学设计理念上：ⅰ低波阻抗意义上的冲击柔性，ⅱ缓冲撞击过程意义上的粘性耗能，ⅲ防撞装置能及早发挥整体作用，化撞击集中力为分布载荷，以及ⅳ让船尽早滑离而带走尽量多的剩余动能。以钢丝绳防撞圈为主要元件的柔性耗能防撞装置是这一防撞理念的工程应用实例，其有效性已为工程实践和实船撞击试验证实。
대선교당격과정인발적궤개충격동역학론제진행료분석。연구표명：①위강저선당력，응채용유성（저적결구동태엄의파조항）방당장치；②당격력소주적공，통과응력파전파전화위내능（변형능）여동능지화；이변형능중적불가역부분유고，방당장치발휘적정체작용유대，칙유유리우방당장치발휘완충모능작용。병차여하양선박진조결속당격병대주진량다적잉여동능，응시방당장치설계적관건점；③점성모능가완충당격과정、연장당격력시，유리우방당장치발휘정체작용，진이위선박재저응력하전향활리、종이대주진가능다적잉여동능창조조건。인차，선당교방호장치적설계응해건립재여하적과학설계이념상：ⅰ저파조항의의상적충격유성，ⅱ완충당격과정의의상적점성모능，ⅲ방당장치능급조발휘정체작용，화당격집중력위분포재하，이급ⅳ양선진조활리이대주진량다적잉여동능。이강사승방당권위주요원건적유성모능방당장치시저일방당이념적공정응용실례，기유효성이위공정실천화실선당격시험증실。
Some impact dynamics topics motivated by ship-bridge collision processes were analyzed here.It was shown that (1 ) in order to reduce the impact force,a flexible crashworthy device with a low structural dynamic generalized wave impedance should be applied;(2)the work done by the impact force is converted via wave propagation into the internal energy (deformation energy)and kinetic energy;the larger the irreversible part of the former,the greater the overall role played by the crashworthy device,the better the buffer role played by the crashworthy device;moreover, how to make the ship as soon as possible end the collision and carry away as much as possible the remaining kinetic energy should be a key point;(3)viscous dissipation of energy can buffer the collision process,prolong the dissipation duration, help the crashworthy device to play an overall role,and create a condition for ship to end the collision;thus,the scientific design idea of a crashworthy device should be based on (i)impact flexibility with a low structural wave impedance,(ii) viscous dissipation of energy to buffer collision process,(iii )the crashworthy device to play an integral role as soon as possible to change the concentrated impact force into weaker distributed loads,and (iv)to make the ship turn away as soon as possible and take away the remaining kinetic energy as much as possible.As an engineering application example, such a design idea was reflected in a new flexible crashworthy device consisting of hundreds of steel-wire-rope coils.Its effectiveness was verified with engineering practices and real ship collision tests.