光谱学与光谱分析
光譜學與光譜分析
광보학여광보분석
SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
2015年
2期
447-452
,共6页
范春辉%张颖超%杜波%贺磊%王家宏
範春輝%張穎超%杜波%賀磊%王傢宏
범춘휘%장영초%두파%하뢰%왕가굉
黄土淋洗%淋失组分%复合污染%光谱特性
黃土淋洗%淋失組分%複閤汙染%光譜特性
황토림세%림실조분%복합오염%광보특성
Loess washing%Leaching component%Co-contamination%Spectrum characteristics
土壤污染已成为威胁全球人类生存的重大战略性问题。据统计,中国至少有1/5的耕地受到重金属污染,总面积达2000万ha。由土壤污染引发的食品安全问题、人类健康问题、生态环境问题愈演愈烈,污染程度有逐年加重的趋势。及时有效地治理污染土壤已成为学者们关注的重点。化学淋洗法是较为有效的污染土壤修复方法,但土壤淋洗过程组分流失现象不可忽视,因为这可能在去除土壤污染物的同时,导致土壤肥力下降、理化属性改变或土壤生态功能的彻底丧失。土壤淋洗过程淋溶组分的光谱特性研究,可以为污染场地修复工程提供决策参考,对于恢复土壤生态功能具有重要的指导意义,但目前来看这方面的研究还略显欠缺。本研究以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为淋洗液,通过异位柱淋洗实验研究铅/镉复合污染黄土淋洗过程中的组分淋失特性,主要包括黄土盐基离子、黄土养分、粘土矿物和有机质。借助X射线衍射(XRD )和扫描电镜(SEM)分析淋洗过程对黄土粘土矿物的影响,同时跟踪识别淋洗液中可溶性有机质(DOM)的三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)特性。研究表明:EDTA对污染黄土的淋洗过程能够造成组分淋失。淋洗过程结束的240 min时,EDTA对铅和镉最终淋洗率分别为49.86%和62.25%。盐基离子中的Na离子和黄土养分中的硝态氮最易淋失,淋洗过程对黄土粘土矿物的影响基本可以忽略。反应前期(10 min)淋洗液中最先出现的是类富里酸类物质(Eex/em=240~250/320~340,Eex/em=260~290/450~470);到淋洗中期(60 min)类胡敏酸类物质荧光峰(Eex/em=290~320/430~490)开始出现,同时类富里酸荧光峰(Eex/em=240/320)有减弱趋势;反应后期(120和240 min)荧光峰强度均明显降低,这反映了淋洗液中荧光组分组成特性差异。光谱联用技术可以有效表征污染黄土淋洗过程淋失组分特性差异。
土壤汙染已成為威脅全毬人類生存的重大戰略性問題。據統計,中國至少有1/5的耕地受到重金屬汙染,總麵積達2000萬ha。由土壤汙染引髮的食品安全問題、人類健康問題、生態環境問題愈縯愈烈,汙染程度有逐年加重的趨勢。及時有效地治理汙染土壤已成為學者們關註的重點。化學淋洗法是較為有效的汙染土壤脩複方法,但土壤淋洗過程組分流失現象不可忽視,因為這可能在去除土壤汙染物的同時,導緻土壤肥力下降、理化屬性改變或土壤生態功能的徹底喪失。土壤淋洗過程淋溶組分的光譜特性研究,可以為汙染場地脩複工程提供決策參攷,對于恢複土壤生態功能具有重要的指導意義,但目前來看這方麵的研究還略顯欠缺。本研究以乙二胺四乙痠(EDTA)為淋洗液,通過異位柱淋洗實驗研究鉛/鎘複閤汙染黃土淋洗過程中的組分淋失特性,主要包括黃土鹽基離子、黃土養分、粘土礦物和有機質。藉助X射線衍射(XRD )和掃描電鏡(SEM)分析淋洗過程對黃土粘土礦物的影響,同時跟蹤識彆淋洗液中可溶性有機質(DOM)的三維熒光光譜(3D-EEM)特性。研究錶明:EDTA對汙染黃土的淋洗過程能夠造成組分淋失。淋洗過程結束的240 min時,EDTA對鉛和鎘最終淋洗率分彆為49.86%和62.25%。鹽基離子中的Na離子和黃土養分中的硝態氮最易淋失,淋洗過程對黃土粘土礦物的影響基本可以忽略。反應前期(10 min)淋洗液中最先齣現的是類富裏痠類物質(Eex/em=240~250/320~340,Eex/em=260~290/450~470);到淋洗中期(60 min)類鬍敏痠類物質熒光峰(Eex/em=290~320/430~490)開始齣現,同時類富裏痠熒光峰(Eex/em=240/320)有減弱趨勢;反應後期(120和240 min)熒光峰彊度均明顯降低,這反映瞭淋洗液中熒光組分組成特性差異。光譜聯用技術可以有效錶徵汙染黃土淋洗過程淋失組分特性差異。
토양오염이성위위협전구인류생존적중대전략성문제。거통계,중국지소유1/5적경지수도중금속오염,총면적체2000만ha。유토양오염인발적식품안전문제、인류건강문제、생태배경문제유연유렬,오염정도유축년가중적추세。급시유효지치리오염토양이성위학자문관주적중점。화학림세법시교위유효적오염토양수복방법,단토양림세과정조분류실현상불가홀시,인위저가능재거제토양오염물적동시,도치토양비력하강、이화속성개변혹토양생태공능적철저상실。토양림세과정림용조분적광보특성연구,가이위오염장지수복공정제공결책삼고,대우회복토양생태공능구유중요적지도의의,단목전래간저방면적연구환략현흠결。본연구이을이알사을산(EDTA)위림세액,통과이위주림세실험연구연/력복합오염황토림세과정중적조분림실특성,주요포괄황토염기리자、황토양분、점토광물화유궤질。차조X사선연사(XRD )화소묘전경(SEM)분석림세과정대황토점토광물적영향,동시근종식별림세액중가용성유궤질(DOM)적삼유형광광보(3D-EEM)특성。연구표명:EDTA대오염황토적림세과정능구조성조분림실。림세과정결속적240 min시,EDTA대연화력최종림세솔분별위49.86%화62.25%。염기리자중적Na리자화황토양분중적초태담최역림실,림세과정대황토점토광물적영향기본가이홀략。반응전기(10 min)림세액중최선출현적시류부리산류물질(Eex/em=240~250/320~340,Eex/em=260~290/450~470);도림세중기(60 min)류호민산류물질형광봉(Eex/em=290~320/430~490)개시출현,동시류부리산형광봉(Eex/em=240/320)유감약추세;반응후기(120화240 min)형광봉강도균명현강저,저반영료림세액중형광조분조성특성차이。광보련용기술가이유효표정오염황토림세과정림실조분특성차이。
Soil contamination is regarded as one of the most serious issues to humanity all over the world.It is statistically be-lieved that over one-fifth of the farmland,that is 20 million ha,is found to be contaminated by heavy metals in China.And the related issues,caused by soil contamination,of food safety,human health and eco-environmental quality attract much attention by public with more serious contamination than before.The technological approach for soil remediation is widely investigated. The technology of soil washing is effective for contaminants removal,while the treatment procedure might lead to component leaching from soil system,harmful for soil fertility,physicochemical properties and ecological functions.The study of spectral characteristics on leaching component is significant for decision-making of contaminated sites remediation and ecological function recovery,while the related investigation seems weaker nowadays.The paper mainly revealed the leaching characteristics of com-ponent from Pb/Cd contaminated loess in the washing process with Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA)in reaction col-umn,and the research objectives included base cations,loess nutrients,clay minerals and organic matter.The variation of clay minerals was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD)and scanning electron microscope (SEM),and 3D-EEM fluorescence spec-trum was used for the identification of dissolved organic matter (DOM).The experimental results showed:the leaching compo-nent from loess is detected in the washing reaction.The final removal efficiency (240 min)of Pb and Cd from loess are 49. 86%and 62. 25%,respectively.The sodium ions and nitrate nitrogen are the most easily leaching component,and little difference of clay minerals is identified before and after washing reaction.The fulvic acid-like (FA-like)material was firstly (10 min)detected around Eex/em= 240~250/320~340 and Eex/em= 260~290/450~470 in 3D-EEM fluorescence spectrum,and the humin acid-like (HA-like,Eex/em= 290~320/430~490)appeared at 60 min with weaker fluorescence intensity of FA-like (Eex/em= 240/320). The decreased fluorescence intensity of FA-like and HA-like,shown after 120 min and 240 min,indicated the component varia-tion of DOM in the leaching solution.The spectroscopy approach is appropriate for characteristics identification of leaching com-ponent from co-contaminated loess.