CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究有机生活垃圾厌氧发酵中菌群的分布变化特征，以有机生活垃圾为生物质资源，进行半干式厌氧发酵试验。采用最大或然数法（most probable number，MPN）分析发酵过程中厌氧菌群时间和空间上的数量变化。结果表明：厌氧菌中产酸菌先于氨化菌达到最大值并占据优势地位，产甲烷菌在启动阶段初期基本没有增殖，第25天左右达到最大值3.2×109个/mL，随后产甲烷菌在整个盛产期数量维持在这一数量级上。厌氧纤维素降解菌菌数呈现缓慢增长的趋势，直到投料的第45天才增加到106个/mL。空间上厌氧产酸菌和甲烷菌的数量均是在基质条件稳定的中部位置和流动性较好的底部位置较多；厌氧氨化菌数量较多的为中部边缘和中部中心位置；厌氧纤维素降解菌主要在底部增殖。初步构建了产酸菌与产甲烷菌时间和空间的动力学模型，模型拟合效果良好，可为厌氧发酵工艺提供参考。该文对有机垃圾制取生物燃气的工艺过程具有理论指导意义。
위료연구유궤생활랄급염양발효중균군적분포변화특정，이유궤생활랄급위생물질자원，진행반간식염양발효시험。채용최대혹연수법（most probable number，MPN）분석발효과정중염양균군시간화공간상적수량변화。결과표명：염양균중산산균선우안화균체도최대치병점거우세지위，산갑완균재계동계단초기기본몰유증식，제25천좌우체도최대치3.2×109개/mL，수후산갑완균재정개성산기수량유지재저일수량급상。염양섬유소강해균균수정현완만증장적추세，직도투료적제45천재증가도106개/mL。공간상염양산산균화갑완균적수량균시재기질조건은정적중부위치화류동성교호적저부위치교다；염양안화균수량교다적위중부변연화중부중심위치；염양섬유소강해균주요재저부증식。초보구건료산산균여산갑완균시간화공간적동역학모형，모형의합효과량호，가위염양발효공예제공삼고。해문대유궤랄급제취생물연기적공예과정구유이론지도의의。
The organic waste mainly refers to the solid waste that is generated by residents’ daily life. If the organic waste is converted into energy through anaerobic digestion, it will reduce the adverse impact on the environment and contribute to reduction in consumption of fossil fuel. Analysis of the space and time differences of various kinds of microbial community in fermentation process, plays a very important role for controlling the fermentation process effectively, understanding the fermentation stage, optimization of fermentation conditions and improving the efficiency of biogas production. This paper investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of microbial community during the semi-dry fermentation of organic waste, and studied the relationship of acid production, methane production and ammonia production using most probable number (MPN). The experiment used anaerobic fermentation under one-time charging medium temperature (37℃), and designed six sampling positions. The inoculum was biogas slurry fermented with pig manure, and the concentration was 30%, pH value was adjusted to 7.0 before anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that, in the early stage of organic waste anaerobic fermentation, large amounts of air existed in the reactor, and there was less number of anaerobic bacteria. With the formation of the anaerobic environment and rich nutrients, the number of anaerobic bacteria began to rise. The anaerobic acidification bacteria and anaerobic ammonification bacteria proliferated earliest, and the acidification bacteria was prior to reach maximum than ammonification bacteria and occupied the dominant position. The methane bacteria didn’t proliferate at the start-up phase, they enter the fast growth stage after 15 days, and the peak value was 3.24×109 mL-1 on the 25th day. In the gas peak decline period, the number of anaerobic ammonification bacteria and anaerobic acidification bacteria began to decline, however, the methane bacteria number kept on the order of magnitude in the whole period. The anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria grew slowly, and the number was only 106 mL-1 on the 45th day. In the space, numbers of anaerobic acid bacteria and methane bacteria in the central part were more than those at the edge, and the numbers in the bottom were more than on the top; the most number of anaerobic ammoniation bacteria grew in middle edge and center position; at the same height, the numbers of edge position were more than the center position basically. The anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria began to proliferate in the bottom. The number of the anaerobic bacteria on the top was lower than other places, due to the residual air on the top that was not conducive to the growth of anaerobic bacteria. In the reactor design, intermediate feed may be given priority to, edges feed was complementary, which was conducive to make full use of fermentation materials, and to improve the efficiency of the reactor. The dynamic model of anaerobic acidification bacteria and methanogens distribution differences was constructed preliminarily, and the correlation coefficients of fitting model were 0.824 and 0.939, respectively. The established model could predict effectively, and could provide the appropriate reference value of semi-dry anaerobic fermentation technology. The applicability of the model still requires further test to verify, therefore, the reactor enlarged gradually can be used for further study and parameters correction. This paper has theoretical significance for the technological processes of biogas production from organic waste.