CAJ | 학술논문

为修复各种工程建设形成的边坡生态系统，获得干喷生态护坡基材的配制规律，该文以一种新型干喷生态护坡基材为研究对象，以生态基材组分中的泥炭、纤维、水泥、土壤改良剂和保水剂为5个因素，各取4个水平，开展了多指标多因素正交试验探索各因素和水平对狗牙根的发芽和生长状况的影响规律。结果表明：影响植物生长和出芽的因素的重要性从大到小依次为水泥、保水剂、聚丙烯酰胺（polyacrylamide，PAM）、纤维、泥炭。纤维和泥炭含量对植物出芽率影响不显著，植物出芽率与水泥含量呈线性关系，基材水泥含量越高植物生长越差；为确保植物较好生长，水泥体积百分比不宜超过10%。对于湖北三峡翻坝公路区域，适合狗牙根生长的最优基材配比：除当地泥土外，泥炭20%，水泥5%，PAM0.05%，保水剂0.15%，纤维40%。基材pH值与时间呈较好线性关系，植物本身具有调节pH值的能力，随着时间的增长，基材 pH 值逐渐降低，逐渐接近中性。该文结果对三峡翻坝公路所处长江中游及鄂西南地区生态护坡基材配比具有指导意义；研究所得规律，同样适用于土壤气候条件相似的其他中部地区；试验、分析方法亦可适用于其他区域生态护坡基材配比研究。
위수복각충공정건설형성적변파생태계통，획득간분생태호파기재적배제규률，해문이일충신형간분생태호파기재위연구대상，이생태기재조분중적니탄、섬유、수니、토양개량제화보수제위5개인소，각취4개수평，개전료다지표다인소정교시험탐색각인소화수평대구아근적발아화생장상황적영향규률。결과표명：영향식물생장화출아적인소적중요성종대도소의차위수니、보수제、취병희선알（polyacrylamide，PAM）、섬유、니탄。섬유화니탄함량대식물출아솔영향불현저，식물출아솔여수니함량정선성관계，기재수니함량월고식물생장월차；위학보식물교호생장，수니체적백분비불의초과10%。대우호북삼협번패공로구역，괄합구아근생장적최우기재배비：제당지니토외，니탄20%，수니5%，PAM0.05%，보수제0.15%，섬유40%。기재pH치여시간정교호선성관계，식물본신구유조절pH치적능력，수착시간적증장，기재 pH 치축점강저，축점접근중성。해문결과대삼협번패공로소처장강중유급악서남지구생태호파기재배비구유지도의의；연구소득규률，동양괄용우토양기후조건상사적기타중부지구；시험、분석방법역가괄용우기타구역생태호파기재배비연구。
To rehabilitate the damaged ecosystem of slope formed in civil engineering, Chinese Engineers developed the technology of ecological protection of slope by shotcreting dry-sprayed substrate at the beginning of 21st century based on foreign relative technologies. The technology which suits for steep rock slopes has been widely used in China since it came out. To improve the erosion resistance of the dry-sprayed substrate, fiber and (or) cement were usually included in the substrate formulation to reinforce the substrate. So far, though some research have been conducted about the technology, few studies concerned the formulation design of the dry-sprayed substrate. Aiming at this problem, site experiments with orthogonal design were carried out, in which a new type of plant fiber was used to reinforce cement-based substrate which included five components: peat, plant fiber (made of crushed straw), cement, top soil, water-retaining agent (polyacrylamide, PAM). In this paper, the five components were treated as five factors (four levels for the content of each factor) and plant (Bermuda grass) growth index, pH value of substrate as dependent variables, and the orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate how the factors and levels influenced plant germination, coverage rate and growth of plant. The results showed that from high to low, the order of importance of factors influencing plant germination and growth was cement, water-retaining agent, PAM, fiber and peat. The content of fiber and peat had no significant effect on plant germination, while cement content had observably adverse effect on germination rate. The cement content (volume ratio) had a linear relationship with the germination rate, and the cement content in the substrate should be less than 10%. For the slope’s ecological protection project along the roads in the Three Gorges area, most formulations of the substrate employed in this study could be used while the optimal formulation (volume ratio) for bermudagrass was 34.8% local top soil, 20% peat, 5% cement, 0.05% PAM, 0.15% water-retaining agent, and 40% fiber. In addition, it was found that the plant had the capacity of reducing pH value of the substrates, which had a linear relationship with time, and gradually decreased to eight after 70 days. The results presented in this paper will have the guiding value for the substrate design when the slope’s ecological protection projects are carried out in the region of middle or lower reaches of Yangtze river, and the principles found in this paper also suit for the districts with similar soil and climate conditions. The approaches used in this study can be employed to conduct substrate design for the slope’s ecological protection in other districts.