CAJ | 학술논문

由浮漂、网笼、主绳、桩绳以及锚固入海底的锚桩构成的延绳式深水浮筏养殖设施处于风大、浪高、流急的深水开放水域，受到复杂海况的作用，其结构的安全性与可靠性将直接影响到整个养殖生产的成败，在其结构设计时需要考虑海洋风浪流的影响，对其受力和运动特性进行研究，进而分析其抗风浪能力，为养殖设施结构的参数设计提供参考。该文基于有限元方法，通过对深水延绳式浮筏养殖装置的受力特性及其变形情况进行分析，建立筏架系统有限元分析模型，利用Broyden迭代法解有限元方程，计算了系统在不同浪级（即不同波高）海况下的筏架系统位移和桩绳的最大张力，对养殖装置的抗风浪能力进行了计算分析。以架设于獐子岛海域30 m水深的深水浮筏养殖设施为计算实例，结果显示，主绳长300 m的筏架系统在1.5 m/s流速的海域中，其桩绳最大张力为78.8 kN，横向最大位移为18.5 m，抗风浪能力为6～7级海浪（6 m波高）；实测结果分别为72.7 kN、16.9 m，计算结果与实测值吻合良好。通过进一步的试验验证，该分析模型可为深水延绳式浮筏养殖设施的实际工程设计提供理论参考。
유부표、망롱、주승、장승이급묘고입해저적묘장구성적연승식심수부벌양식설시처우풍대、랑고、류급적심수개방수역，수도복잡해황적작용，기결구적안전성여가고성장직접영향도정개양식생산적성패，재기결구설계시수요고필해양풍랑류적영향，대기수력화운동특성진행연구，진이분석기항풍랑능력，위양식설시결구적삼수설계제공삼고。해문기우유한원방법，통과대심수연승식부벌양식장치적수력특성급기변형정황진행분석，건립벌가계통유한원분석모형，이용Broyden질대법해유한원방정，계산료계통재불동랑급（즉불동파고）해황하적벌가계통위이화장승적최대장력，대양식장치적항풍랑능력진행료계산분석。이가설우장자도해역30 m수심적심수부벌양식설시위계산실례，결과현시，주승장300 m적벌가계통재1.5 m/s류속적해역중，기장승최대장력위78.8 kN，횡향최대위이위18.5 m，항풍랑능력위6～7급해랑（6 m파고）；실측결과분별위72.7 kN、16.9 m，계산결과여실측치문합량호。통과진일보적시험험증，해분석모형가위심수연승식부벌양식설시적실제공정설계제공이론삼고。
The deepwater long-line rope aquaculture facility (the raft system) belongs to a raft mariculture method which is mainly composed of buoys, main rope, aquaculture net cages, mooring ropes and anchor stakes embedded into seabed. The buoys are connected with the main rope by rope, the main rope is connected to stake anchor by mooring rope, and the aquaculture net cage is hung on the main rope. The buoyancy of raft system is provided by buoys and the structure stability is ensured by the mooring force from anchor stakes embedded into seabed. The facility stays in deep-open waters with winds, waves, urgent flow, and is influenced by complex sea environment. The raft system will move and deform in the action of environmental load. When the tension force is over the strength of mooring rope or the maximum mooring anchorage force provided by the anchor stake, or the transversal displacement of the main rope is oversize, the raft system will become less stable. The safety and stability of the aquaculture facility will directly affect the success or failure of the whole aquaculture production. Therefore, it’s certainly worth researching on the force and motion of the raft system considering the effect of ocean waves and current for structure design, and furthermore analyzing the raft system’s wind resistance ability to provide reference for the parameter design of the raft system. In this paper, based on the finite element method, the stress characteristic and deforming of deepwater long-line rope aquaculture facility system were analyzed to establish finite element model equation. For the components in the raft system (buoy, cage, rope) belong to small scale marine structures, the fluent loads were calculated by Morison method, in which in order to calculate different grades of wave, the large wave height should be considered and the nonlinear wave force cannot be ignored, and the two order Stokes wave theory was employed to calculate the speed and acceleration of water particle. Broyden iteration method was used to solve the finite element equation of aquaculture facility system, and then the maximum tensions of the mooring rope in the system in different heights (1-14 m) of sea wave were calculated and compared to its break strength and mooring force of anchoring pile for evaluating wind resistance ability of the aquaculture facility system. As an instance, the wind resistance abilities of deepwater long-line rope aquaculture facilities erected in 30-meter deep sea waters of Zhangzidao aquaculture sea area were analyzed. The result showed that maximum tension of mooring rope was 78.8 kN, the maximum transverse displacement of the raft system was 18.5 m and the wind resistance abilities were at 6-7 level of sea wave (6 m wave height) with 1.5 m/s current. Respectively the actual measured data were 72.7 kN and 16.9 m. By comparison, the values of calculation are well consistent with actual measured ones. By further experimental verification, the analysis model and method can be referenced for practical engineering design of deepwater long-line rope aquaculture facility.