CAJ | 학술논문

为了满足植物纤维制取机对大豆秸秆原料长度的要求，采用改进的揉切式粉碎机对大豆秸秆进行预处理，选取揉切机的主轴转速、喂入量以及秸秆的含水率为试验因素，以大豆秸秆粉碎长度为响应函数，对大豆秸秆原料的预处理工艺参数进行了组合试验研究。结果表明：1）各因素对于秸秆粉碎长度影响的贡献率从高到低排序为主轴转速、含水率和喂入量；2）预处理工艺的最优参数组合为喂入量168 kg/h、大豆秸秆含水率处于36%～58%、揉切机主轴转速处于1100～1300 r/min。在此工艺参数条件下，大豆秸秆粉碎长度分布符合植物纤维制取机所要求的70～85 mm的理想范围。研究结果为完善植物纤维地膜制造工艺体系提供了参考。
위료만족식물섬유제취궤대대두갈간원료장도적요구，채용개진적유절식분쇄궤대대두갈간진행예처리，선취유절궤적주축전속、위입량이급갈간적함수솔위시험인소，이대두갈간분쇄장도위향응함수，대대두갈간원료적예처리공예삼수진행료조합시험연구。결과표명：1）각인소대우갈간분쇄장도영향적공헌솔종고도저배서위주축전속、함수솔화위입량；2）예처리공예적최우삼수조합위위입량168 kg/h、대두갈간함수솔처우36%～58%、유절궤주축전속처우1100～1300 r/min。재차공예삼수조건하，대두갈간분쇄장도분포부합식물섬유제취궤소요구적70～85 mm적이상범위。연구결과위완선식물섬유지막제조공예체계제공료삼고。
Recently, a large amount of soybean straw was treated as waste and burned, which caused serious pollution. At the same time, for increasing the grain yield, the plastic mulch was applied widely in China which caused serious white pollution. Soybean straw was an excellent raw material of non-wood fiber, and manufacturing biodegradable mulch of soybean straw fiber could not only reduce the pollution, but also raise the value of soybean straw. Before the manufacturing of biodegradable mulch, the raw soybean straw need crushing pretreatment. There have been many domestic and international researches about the equipment of straw crushing. However, these equipments are mainly used for the preparation of straw returning, feeding or the formation of biomass solid fuel, and the straw crushing length is usually too short. According to the requirement of the plant fiber preparing machine, straw crushing length of 70- 85 mm is suitable for manufacturing soybean straw fiber mulch. As there is no special crushing equipment used for preparation raw material of straw fiber mulch, the existing rubbing and cutting machine was improved to process soybean straw with crushing length of 70-85 mm. By removing the chopper, the shearing effect was reduced, and the crushing was mainly realized by hammering effects of chopper holder, hammering on the soybean straw. After improvement the usual operation parameters are not applicable; thus, to optimize soybean straw crushing pretreatment parameters, the machine spindle speed, feed quantity and straw moisture content were selected as experiment factors, and a quadratic orthogonal rotatable central composite design experiment with three factors and five levels was conducted. The results showed that: 1) For the straw crushing length of improved rubbing and cutting machine, from high to low ranking of contribution rate, the factors are the spindle speed, moisture content and feed rate. The spindle speed and moisture content show significant interaction effect on soybean straw crushing length. There are two reasons for the interaction effect. Firstly, the increase of soybean straw moisture content causes the increase of straw plasticity, which weakens the shearing effect caused by increasing spindle speed. Secondly, with the increase of straw moisture content, lubrication film forms between straw and chopper holder, which also weakens the shearing effect caused by increasing spindle speed. 2) The optimized pretreatment parameters are as follows: the feeding quantity is 168 kg/h, moisture content of soybean straw is in range of 36%-58%, and the machine spindle speed is in range of 1 100- 1 300 r/min. Under the optimized parameters, the processed length of soybean straw is in range of 70-85 mm, which meets length requirement of the plant fiber preparing machine for raw materials. To verify the optimization results, 10 random groups of soybean straw were crushed under the optimal combination of parameters, the verification experiment results showed that there was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values.