CAJ | 학술논문

探讨低剂量短波紫外线（ultraviolet-C，UV-C）处理对苹果抗病性的影响及作用机理，为UV-C处理技术应用于苹果抗病提供理论依据。以红富士苹果为试材，以波长为254 nm紫外杀菌灯为辐射源，分别给予0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 kJ/m2剂量照射，接种青霉菌，确定适宜照射剂量；以适宜照射剂量处理苹果，接种灰霉菌，探讨短波紫外线对灰霉病的抗病性；以适宜照射剂量处理苹果，分别贮藏于20℃和0℃条件下，定期取样，测定果实的总酚含量、丙二醛含量及保护酶活性。试验最佳UV-C照射剂量为7.5 kJ/m2，与对照相比差异显著。常温与低温贮藏下，7.5 kJ/m2UV-C处理可有效减少丙二醛的积累，保护细胞膜，增加总酚类物质积累，增强抗病性；处理果实的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase，PAL）、多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase，PPO）活性在整个贮藏期内均高于对照，超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性明显升高。不论是常温还是低温贮藏，7.5 kJ/m2UV-C处理均能提高苹果的抗病性，有效抑制青霉病和灰霉病的发生及扩展。研究结果为 UV-C 应用于采后苹果，提高抗病性，从而延长贮藏保鲜期提供理论依据和技术参考。
탐토저제량단파자외선（ultraviolet-C，UV-C）처리대평과항병성적영향급작용궤리，위UV-C처리기술응용우평과항병제공이론의거。이홍부사평과위시재，이파장위254 nm자외살균등위복사원，분별급여0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 kJ/m2제량조사，접충청매균，학정괄의조사제량；이괄의조사제량처리평과，접충회매균，탐토단파자외선대회매병적항병성；이괄의조사제량처리평과，분별저장우20℃화0℃조건하，정기취양，측정과실적총분함량、병이철함량급보호매활성。시험최가UV-C조사제량위7.5 kJ/m2，여대조상비차이현저。상온여저온저장하，7.5 kJ/m2UV-C처리가유효감소병이철적적루，보호세포막，증가총분류물질적루，증강항병성；처리과실적분병안산해안매（phenylalanine ammonia lyase，PAL）、다분양화매（polyphenol oxidase，PPO）활성재정개저장기내균고우대조，초양화물기화매（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、과양화물매（peroxidase，POD）활성명현승고。불론시상온환시저온저장，7.5 kJ/m2UV-C처리균능제고평과적항병성，유효억제청매병화회매병적발생급확전。연구결과위 UV-C 응용우채후평과，제고항병성，종이연장저장보선기제공이론의거화기술삼고。
Influences of low dose short wave ultraviolet (UV-C) on disease resistance in apple and its action mechanisms were studied for providing scientific basis of UV-C application in apple storage. The test material was ’Red Fuji’ apple and common ultraviolet germicidal lamp with wavelength of 254 nm was used as the radiation source. The apples were irradiated with the radiation dose of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 kJ/m2, respectively. Then we conducted the experiment that the influence of optimal dose UV-C on penicillium disease resistance under low temperature. At the same time, we studied the resistance of apple with appropriate dose of UV-C treatment to Botrytis cinerea at normal and low temperature. Apple fruits treated with optimal dose of UV-C were stored under the condition of 20℃ and 0℃, respectively. Total phenol content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activities of protective enzymes (polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)) were measured periodically during storage. There was a significant difference between all dose of UV-C treatments and control under room temperature in disease incidence and decay diameter, and the disease resistance of apple enhanced with increasing dose of UV-C at the beginning. However, the resistance of apple to postharvest decay decreased with UV-C above 7.5 kJ/m2. Therefore 7.5 kJ/m2 was the optimum dose in this study. The treatment with optimal dose of UV-C has good effects on disease resistance in harvested apple inoculatedPenicilium expansum or Botrytis cinereaunder low temperature. Under room temperature, the disease incidence of UV-C treated apples was 66.7%, significantly lower than that of control (90%) at 4d after inoculatedBotrytis cinerea. The results showed that apple fruits resistance to different diseases increased with UV-C treatment. Treatment with UV-C 7.5 kJ/m2 can effectively reduce the accumulation of MDA, protect cell membranes, increase the total phenolics accumulation and enhance disease resistance. Under the condition of room temperature, total phenolics of UV-C treatment apples was significantly higher than that of control at 7 d (the treatment is 1.18 times of control).; MDA content of treated fruits was lower than that of control at 2 d and 7 d. Total phenolics of UV-C treated apples was higher than that of control after 37 days storage at low temperature. And MDA content of treatment group was lower than that of control throughout the storage. PAL and PPO activities of fruits treated with 7.5 kJ/m2 UV-C were higher than that of control during the whole storage period at room and low temperature. SOD and POD activities were significantly increased especially at 2 d and 7 d under room temperature. We concluded that UV-C treatment can effectively suppress the occurrence and expansion of Penicillium at room temperature, and the optimal dose of UV-C in this research was 7.5 kJ/m2. The activities of protective enzymes and the disease resistance of apple were improved by 7.5 kJ/m2 UV-C treatment. Suitable dose of UV-C can be used for postharvest apple to increase the disease resistance and prolong the storage period.