太平洋学报
太平洋學報
태평양학보
PACIFIC JOURNAL
2015年
1期
11-22
,共12页
国际海洋法法庭%迅速释放%保证金%实质性审查
國際海洋法法庭%迅速釋放%保證金%實質性審查
국제해양법법정%신속석방%보증금%실질성심사
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea%prompt release%bond security%substantive examina-tion
国际海洋法法庭自成立以来共审理了9个迅速释放案件，其中6个案件判决被告沿海国迅速释放被扣押船只和船员，从而有效地解决了沿海国和船旗国之间的争议。因联合国海洋法公约迅速释放相关规定的模糊性，以及国际海洋法法庭在保证金合理性判断标准和实质性审查问题上所采取的非一致性立场，在迅速释放问题上尚未形成习惯法。应该肯定的是，国际海洋法法庭的司法实践对沿海国相关法律制度的完善起到积极作用。本文认为，为维护我国海洋权利不受非法侵犯，应及时修改和完善我国渔民被外国执法扣押时的国家援助制度，以及解决迅速释放时的保证金制度问题。
國際海洋法法庭自成立以來共審理瞭9箇迅速釋放案件，其中6箇案件判決被告沿海國迅速釋放被釦押船隻和船員，從而有效地解決瞭沿海國和船旂國之間的爭議。因聯閤國海洋法公約迅速釋放相關規定的模糊性，以及國際海洋法法庭在保證金閤理性判斷標準和實質性審查問題上所採取的非一緻性立場，在迅速釋放問題上尚未形成習慣法。應該肯定的是，國際海洋法法庭的司法實踐對沿海國相關法律製度的完善起到積極作用。本文認為，為維護我國海洋權利不受非法侵犯，應及時脩改和完善我國漁民被外國執法釦押時的國傢援助製度，以及解決迅速釋放時的保證金製度問題。
국제해양법법정자성립이래공심리료9개신속석방안건，기중6개안건판결피고연해국신속석방피구압선지화선원，종이유효지해결료연해국화선기국지간적쟁의。인연합국해양법공약신속석방상관규정적모호성，이급국제해양법법정재보증금합이성판단표준화실질성심사문제상소채취적비일치성립장，재신속석방문제상상미형성습관법。응해긍정적시，국제해양법법정적사법실천대연해국상관법률제도적완선기도적겁작용。본문인위，위유호아국해양권리불수비법침범，응급시수개화완선아국어민피외국집법구압시적국가원조제도，이급해결신속석방시적보증금제도문제。
Since the establishment of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS),there have been nine cases related to prompt release process,six of which were sentenced that the defendant coastal states should prompt release the detained vessels and crews,so as to effectively solve the disputes between coastal states and flag states.Because the rules on prompt release under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea are vague,and the tribunal is inconsistent on the judgement standard of the rationality of bond security and the substantive examination problem,it fails to form customary law in the practice field of prompt release.It can be determined that the judicial practice of the tribunal has played a positive role to perfect the related legal system of coastal countries.In order to maintain our marine rights,China should timely modify and improve the assistance system and solve the problem of bond security of prompt release,when Chinese fishermen are de-tained by foreign law enforcement.
