CAJ | 학술논문

为明确37个玉米品种耐低氮潜势，于2013年通过大田试验研究了施氮量对玉米品种植株性状、产量及其组成性状的影响。结果表明：施氮量对玉米的穗上叶叶面积、穗下叶叶面积、穗位叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、有效功能叶片数、散粉至吐丝间隔期（ ASI）、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、行粒数、百粒质量和籽粒产量影响显著或极显著，对株高、穗位高和穗行数影响不显著；不同施氮水平下37个品种各性状的变异系数除穗下叶叶面积ASI和秃尖长外，其余性状均为45 kg／hm2施氮量的变异系数最大，该施氮量可能是玉米品种耐低氮鉴定的适宜施氮量。低氮胁迫对玉米各性状具有不利影响。低氮胁迫下玉米籽粒产量与穗位叶叶绿素含量、有效功能叶片数、穗长、穗粗、行粒数显著或极显著正相关，可作为耐低氮性筛选指标。不同玉米品种耐低氮能力存在基因型差异，采用模糊数学隶属函数分析方法筛选出三峡玉3号、三峡玉5号、三峡玉9号、忠玉9号、先玉508、M8（ XZ071-4×渝561）、M15（11 Y2×08 HC-7）、BH1421（281H ×S99）共8个高产耐低氮玉米品种。
위명학37개옥미품충내저담잠세，우2013년통과대전시험연구료시담량대옥미품충식주성상、산량급기조성성상적영향。결과표명：시담량대옥미적수상협협면적、수하협협면적、수위협협면적、협록소함량、유효공능협편수、산분지토사간격기（ ASI）、수장、수조、독첨장、행립수、백립질량화자립산량영향현저혹겁현저，대주고、수위고화수행수영향불현저；불동시담수평하37개품충각성상적변이계수제수하협협면적ASI화독첨장외，기여성상균위45 kg／hm2시담량적변이계수최대，해시담량가능시옥미품충내저담감정적괄의시담량。저담협박대옥미각성상구유불리영향。저담협박하옥미자립산량여수위협협록소함량、유효공능협편수、수장、수조、행립수현저혹겁현저정상관，가작위내저담성사선지표。불동옥미품충내저담능력존재기인형차이，채용모호수학대속함수분석방법사선출삼협옥3호、삼협옥5호、삼협옥9호、충옥9호、선옥508、M8（ XZ071-4×투561）、M15（11 Y2×08 HC-7）、BH1421（281H ×S99）공8개고산내저담옥미품충。
In order to clarify the low nitrogen-tolerance potential of 37 maize varieties ,field experiment was car-ried out to study the effects of nitrogen application on the plant traits ,yield and yield component traits in 2013 .The effects of low nitrogen stress on the maize traits were determined at growth stage .The results showed that different nitrogen supply levels significant or highly significant effect the first leave above ear leaf area ,first leave below ear leaf area,ear leaf area,chlorophyll content,effective function leaves,ASI,ear length,ear diameter,barren tip length,kernel numbers per row,100-grain weight,grain yield maize traits,and no significant effect for the plant height,ear height and ear rows.Nitrogen supply level of 45 kg/ha had the highest coefficient of variation (CV) for maize traits,except for the first leave below ear leaf area ,the ASI and barren tip length ,which was found to be the proper nitrogen level for screening nitrogen-tolerance cultivars .Low nitrogen stress negatively influences traits devel-opment of maize .The maize yield was significantly or highly significantly positively associated with chlorophyll con-tent,effective function leaves,ear length,ear diameter and kernel numbers per row .Therefore maize yield,chloro-phyll content ,effective function leaves ,ear length ,ear diameter and kernel numbers per row were recommended as screening indices for low nitrogen-tolerance cultivars .Different cultivars responded differently to low nitrogen stress . Thus using the fuzzy mathematics method of membership function ,Sanxiayu No.3,Sanxiayu No.5,Sanxiayu No.9, Zhongyu No.9,Xianyu 508,M8 (XZ071-4 ×Yu 561),M15 (11Y2 ×08HC-7),BH1421 (281H ×S99) were de-termined as the maize varieties with higher to low nitrogen-tolerance and yield .