CAJ | 학술논문

探讨了高产条件下氮肥运筹对夏玉米干物质积累特性、叶面积指数动态变化和产量形成的影响，为进一步突破夏玉米单产提供理论依据和技术支撑。在多年高产试验基础上，选用天泰33和郑单958为试验材料，在施氮总量360 kg／hm2的条件下，采用4个施氮时期（播种期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、花粒期）的不同施氮比例的7种氮肥运筹方式试验。结果表明：高产条件下适量增施花粒肥，注重拔节肥、穗肥兼顾粒肥，有利于玉米构建较为合理的叶面积指数，延缓叶片衰老，干物质生产积累的多，花后干物质贡献率大，而且分配经济合理，可显著改善群体质量，提高籽粒产量。结论：在施氮总量360 kg／hm2的条件下，以基施氮量∶拔节期施氮量∶大喇叭口期施氮量∶开花后7 d施氮量的1∶2∶5∶2和0∶3∶5∶2为较优的氮肥运筹方式。
탐토료고산조건하담비운주대하옥미간물질적루특성、협면적지수동태변화화산량형성적영향，위진일보돌파하옥미단산제공이론의거화기술지탱。재다년고산시험기출상，선용천태33화정단958위시험재료，재시담총량360 kg／hm2적조건하，채용4개시담시기（파충기、발절기、대나팔구기、화립기）적불동시담비례적7충담비운주방식시험。결과표명：고산조건하괄량증시화립비，주중발절비、수비겸고립비，유리우옥미구건교위합리적협면적지수，연완협편쇠로，간물질생산적루적다，화후간물질공헌솔대，이차분배경제합리，가현저개선군체질량，제고자립산량。결론：재시담총량360 kg／hm2적조건하，이기시담량∶발절기시담량∶대나팔구기시담량∶개화후7 d시담량적1∶2∶5∶2화0∶3∶5∶2위교우적담비운주방식。
In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the further breakthrough of yield per unit area of sum -mer maize, the author explored the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the dry matter accumulation characteristics , leaf area index dynamics and yield formation of summer maize under the condition of high yield .On the basis of high-yielding trials for many years, selecting TT33 and ZD958 as test materials, under the condition of applying 360 kg/hm2 total nitrogen, we conducted the ni-trogen application tests with 7 treatments, in which the different rates of nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 4 growth stages ( sowing stage, jointing stage, tasselling stage, and grain-filling stage).The results showed that:under the condition of high yield , moder-ately increasing the application rate of grain -filling fertilizer , and paying attention to the application of jointing fertilizer and ear fer-tilizer combining with grain -filling fertilizer could construct more reasonable leaf area index of maize , delay leaf senescence , accu-mulate and produce more dry matter , enhance the contribution rate of dry matter after blossoming , more economically and reasonably distribute the dry matter , significantly improve the population quality , and increase the grain yield of maize .It was concluded that:under the condition of nitrogen total application rate 360 kg/hm2 , the better proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application rate at sowing stage, jointing stage, tasselling stage, and grain-filling stage (on the 7th day after blossoming) was 1∶2∶5∶2, or 0∶3∶5∶2.