中国感染与化疗杂志
中國感染與化療雜誌
중국감염여화료잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
2015年
1期
38-42
,共5页
蔡辉%张肖%陆峰泉%顾兵%蒋理
蔡輝%張肖%陸峰泉%顧兵%蔣理
채휘%장초%륙봉천%고병%장리
尿培养%病原菌%抗菌药物%耐药性
尿培養%病原菌%抗菌藥物%耐藥性
뇨배양%병원균%항균약물%내약성
urine culture%pathogen%antimicrobial agent%resistance
目的:分析2011—2013年泌尿系感染患者常见病原菌构成及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法采用 SIEMENS MicroScan WalkAway 96 plus 系统或 API 系统鉴定细菌和真菌,细菌药物敏感性测定采用纸片扩散法;应用WHONET5.6软件进行数据分析。结果1151份中段尿细菌培养标本中共检出344株病原菌,阳性率为29.9%。其中革兰阴性菌263株(76.5%),最为常见的是大肠埃希菌183株(53.2%)、肺炎克雷伯菌33株(9.6%)、变形杆菌21株(6.1%)、铜绿假单胞菌12株(3.5%);革兰阳性菌81株(23.5%),最常见的是粪肠球菌17株(4.9%)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌15株(4.4%)。耐药性分析结果显示,肠杆菌科细菌中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产 ESBL 的检出率为51.9%和63.6%;产 ESBL菌株对头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺类等抗菌药物耐药率明显高于非产 ESBL 菌株,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素高度敏感(敏感率为90.5%~100%)。不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌中铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星、阿米卡星和美罗培南较为敏感(敏感率为83.3%)。革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺仍高度敏感(敏感率为86.5%~100%)。检出2株大肠埃希菌和1株肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南耐药,2株肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。结论大肠埃希菌是泌尿系感染主要病原菌,病原菌的耐药性日趋严重。定期监测和及时总结并分析泌尿系感染的病原菌构成及耐药性,对指导临床合理使用抗菌药物具有十分重要的意义。
目的:分析2011—2013年泌尿繫感染患者常見病原菌構成及耐藥性,為臨床閤理使用抗菌藥物提供依據。方法採用 SIEMENS MicroScan WalkAway 96 plus 繫統或 API 繫統鑒定細菌和真菌,細菌藥物敏感性測定採用紙片擴散法;應用WHONET5.6軟件進行數據分析。結果1151份中段尿細菌培養標本中共檢齣344株病原菌,暘性率為29.9%。其中革蘭陰性菌263株(76.5%),最為常見的是大腸埃希菌183株(53.2%)、肺炎剋雷伯菌33株(9.6%)、變形桿菌21株(6.1%)、銅綠假單胞菌12株(3.5%);革蘭暘性菌81株(23.5%),最常見的是糞腸毬菌17株(4.9%)和凝固酶陰性葡萄毬菌15株(4.4%)。耐藥性分析結果顯示,腸桿菌科細菌中大腸埃希菌和肺炎剋雷伯菌產 ESBL 的檢齣率為51.9%和63.6%;產 ESBL菌株對頭孢菌素類、喹諾酮類、四環素類、磺胺類等抗菌藥物耐藥率明顯高于非產 ESBL 菌株,兩者相比差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);腸桿菌科細菌對碳青黴烯類抗生素高度敏感(敏感率為90.5%~100%)。不髮酵糖革蘭陰性桿菌中銅綠假單胞菌對環丙沙星、阿米卡星和美囉培南較為敏感(敏感率為83.3%)。革蘭暘性毬菌對萬古黴素、替攷拉寧和利奈唑胺仍高度敏感(敏感率為86.5%~100%)。檢齣2株大腸埃希菌和1株肺炎剋雷伯菌對亞胺培南耐藥,2株腸毬菌對萬古黴素耐藥。結論大腸埃希菌是泌尿繫感染主要病原菌,病原菌的耐藥性日趨嚴重。定期鑑測和及時總結併分析泌尿繫感染的病原菌構成及耐藥性,對指導臨床閤理使用抗菌藥物具有十分重要的意義。
목적:분석2011—2013년비뇨계감염환자상견병원균구성급내약성,위림상합리사용항균약물제공의거。방법채용 SIEMENS MicroScan WalkAway 96 plus 계통혹 API 계통감정세균화진균,세균약물민감성측정채용지편확산법;응용WHONET5.6연건진행수거분석。결과1151빈중단뇨세균배양표본중공검출344주병원균,양성솔위29.9%。기중혁란음성균263주(76.5%),최위상견적시대장애희균183주(53.2%)、폐염극뢰백균33주(9.6%)、변형간균21주(6.1%)、동록가단포균12주(3.5%);혁란양성균81주(23.5%),최상견적시분장구균17주(4.9%)화응고매음성포도구균15주(4.4%)。내약성분석결과현시,장간균과세균중대장애희균화폐염극뢰백균산 ESBL 적검출솔위51.9%화63.6%;산 ESBL균주대두포균소류、규낙동류、사배소류、광알류등항균약물내약솔명현고우비산 ESBL 균주,량자상비차이유통계학의의(P<0.05);장간균과세균대탄청매희류항생소고도민감(민감솔위90.5%~100%)。불발효당혁란음성간균중동록가단포균대배병사성、아미잡성화미라배남교위민감(민감솔위83.3%)。혁란양성구균대만고매소、체고랍저화리내서알잉고도민감(민감솔위86.5%~100%)。검출2주대장애희균화1주폐염극뢰백균대아알배남내약,2주장구균대만고매소내약。결론대장애희균시비뇨계감염주요병원균,병원균적내약성일추엄중。정기감측화급시총결병분석비뇨계감염적병원균구성급내약성,대지도림상합리사용항균약물구유십분중요적의의。
Objective To analyze the pathogens and antibiotic resistance profile in patients with urinary tract infections who were treated from 2011 to 2013 to provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods SIEMENS MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system or API system was used for identification of bacteria and fungi.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.6 software was used for data analysis.Results A total of 344 (29.9%) strains of pathogens were detected from 1 151 midstream urine culture specimens,of which 76.5% (263/344)were gram negative bacteria,including E.coli (53.2%,183/344),K.pneumoniae (9.6%,33/344),Proteus (6.1%,21/344),and P . aeruginosa (3.5%,12/344).About 23.5% (81/344)of the isolates were gram-positive bacteria,including Enterococcus faecalis (4.9%,17/344)and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (4.4%,15/344).ESBLs were produced in 51.9% of the E. coli isolates and 63.6% of the K.pneumoniae isolates.ESBLs-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to cephalosporins,quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and other antimicrobial agents than non-ESBLs-producing strains (P <0.05).Enterobacteriaceae isolates were highly sensitive to carbapenems (90.5%-100% sensitive).P .aeruginosa strains were relatively sensitive to ciprofloxacin,amikacin and meropenem (83.3%).Gram-positive cocci remained highly sensitive to antimicrobial agents.Regular monitoring and timely analysis of the pathogens of urinary tract infections and their resistance profile are of great importance to rational use of antimicrobial agents.