CAJ | 학술논문

目的：调查护理管理者领导力现状，并分析其影响因素。方法采用管理者实践量表、一般自我效能感量表、职业倦怠量表、角色认知量表对浙江省210名护理管理者进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷210份，回收有效问卷182份，有效回收率为86．67％。本组护理管理者的领导力得分为（37．70±5．30）分；是否经常阅读管理书籍、是否参与护士长的分层培训、任命方式以及是否经过护士长岗前培训的护理管理者的领导力得分情况比较，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为－3．608，－7．136，2．343，－2．511；P＜0．05）。领导力与角色认知中的角色模糊、自我效能感以及职业倦怠中的个人成就感均呈正相关，与角色认知中的角色冲突以及职业倦怠中的情绪枯竭、去人格化因子呈负相关（ r值分别为0．589，0.521，0．509，－0．323，－0．291，－0．227；P＜0．01）。多元线性回归分析显示，角色认知中的角色模糊因子、是否参加护士长分层培训、职业倦怠中的个人成就感因子、自我效能感和是否阅读管理书籍为领导力的影响因素（P＜0．05）。结论领导力与护士长的角色认知、自我效能感、职业倦怠及是否分层培训均相关。管理者的分层培训有利于领导力的培养和提升，明确角色定位、降低职业倦怠和提高自我效能感同样可以提升护士长的领导力，另外护理管理者需加强经济管理学方面的知识培训。
목적：조사호리관리자령도력현상，병분석기영향인소。방법채용관리자실천량표、일반자아효능감량표、직업권태량표、각색인지량표대절강성210명호리관리자진행문권조사。결과공발방문권210빈，회수유효문권182빈，유효회수솔위86．67％。본조호리관리자적령도력득분위（37．70±5．30）분；시부경상열독관리서적、시부삼여호사장적분층배훈、임명방식이급시부경과호사장강전배훈적호리관리자적령도력득분정황비교，차이유통계학의의（t치분별위－3．608，－7．136，2．343，－2．511；P＜0．05）。령도력여각색인지중적각색모호、자아효능감이급직업권태중적개인성취감균정정상관，여각색인지중적각색충돌이급직업권태중적정서고갈、거인격화인자정부상관（ r치분별위0．589，0.521，0．509，－0．323，－0．291，－0．227；P＜0．01）。다원선성회귀분석현시，각색인지중적각색모호인자、시부삼가호사장분층배훈、직업권태중적개인성취감인자、자아효능감화시부열독관리서적위령도력적영향인소（P＜0．05）。결론령도력여호사장적각색인지、자아효능감、직업권태급시부분층배훈균상관。관리자적분층배훈유리우령도력적배양화제승，명학각색정위、강저직업권태화제고자아효능감동양가이제승호사장적령도력，령외호리관리자수가강경제관이학방면적지식배훈。
Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of nursing manager′s leadership.Methods A total of 210 nursing managers from different hospitals in Zhejiang province were investigated by manager′s activities scale( MAS) , general self-efficacy scale( GSES) ,job burnout scale and role recognition scale.Results A total of 210 questionnaires were distributed, and 182 questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 86.67%.The score of leadership power was (37.70 ±5.30), and there were different leadership scores acquired when the managers were in different situations such as the frequencies of reading management books, participation of hierarchical training,commission way, and pre-service training with significant difference (t =-3.608, -7.136,2.343, -2.511, respectively; P <0.05).The power of leadership represented positive correlation with the role ambiguity, self-efficacy and personal accomplishment, but it had negative correlation with the role conflict, emotional burnout exhaustion and depersonalization ( r=0.589,0.521,0.509, -0.323, -0.291, -0.227, respectively; P <0.01).By multivariate regression analysis, the influential factors of leadership power contained role ambiguity, participation of hierarchical training, personal accomplishment, self-efficacy and frequencies of management books reading (P <0.05). Conclusions The role perception, self-efficacy, job burnout and stratified training are the influencing factors of leadership.The stratified training for nursing managers can help to develop and enhance leadership, and identify the role in position, reduce the job burnout, and improve the self-efficacy.We should strengthen the knowledge of economic management training.