动物营养学报
動物營養學報
동물영양학보
ACTA ZOONUTRIMENTA SINICA
2015年
2期
569-577
,共9页
李建慧%苗志强%杨玉%张华%张俊珍%卢营杰%杨鹰
李建慧%苗誌彊%楊玉%張華%張俊珍%盧營傑%楊鷹
리건혜%묘지강%양옥%장화%장준진%로영걸%양응
饲养方式%饲养密度%生长性能%肉品质
飼養方式%飼養密度%生長性能%肉品質
사양방식%사양밀도%생장성능%육품질
rearing system%stocking density%growth performance%meat quality
本试验旨在研究不同饲养方式和饲养密度对肉鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响。试验采用3×2双因子试验设计,选用7日龄的Ross 308白羽肉鸡504只,3种饲养方式分别为地面厚垫料平养、笼养和网上平养,2个饲养密度分别为12(正常密度)和16只/m2(高密度),共6个组,每个组6个重复。试验期35 d。试验结果显示：1)饲养方式极显著影响7~28日龄和29~42日龄的平均日采食量、平均日增重及料重比( P<0.001)。7~28日龄,肉鸡平均日采食量为垫料平养>笼养>网上平养,平均日增重为垫料平养>网上平养>笼养,料重比为网上平养<垫料平养<笼养。29~42日龄,肉鸡平均日采食量垫料平养显著高于笼养和网上平养(P<0.05),平均日增重笼养显著高于垫料平养和网上平养( P<0.05),料重比笼养<网上平养<垫料平养。在7~28日龄,高饲养密度有降低平均日采食量的趋势(0.05<P<0.10),极显著降低28日龄平均体重(P<0.01),但对料重比没有显著影响(P>0.05)。在29~42日龄,高饲养密度则有提高平均日采食量的趋势(0.05<P<0.10),极显著降低42日龄平均体重(P<0.01),极显著增加料重比(P<0.01)。2)笼养较垫料平养和网上平养组能显著降低肉鸡胸肌率( P<0.05),高饲养密度显著提高了肉鸡腹脂率(P<0.05)。3)笼养极显著降低屠宰后45 min胸肌pH(pH1)(P<0.01),高饲养密度显著降低胸肌pH1(P<0.01),显著提高胸肉的滴水损失率(P<0.05)。4)垫料平养的腿肌中亮度(L?)、黄度(b?)最高,且有降低红度(a?)的趋势；笼养则相反,有降低L?和b?,升高a?的趋势；高饲养密度极显著降低腿肌pH1( P<0.01),显著提高腿肌中粗脂肪( EE)的含量( P<0.05)；饲养方式和饲养密度的交互作用极显著影响腿肌pH1( P<0.01),在垫料平养和网上平养中提高饲养密度显著降低屠宰后45 min腿肌pH1(P<0.05),而在笼养组中没有显著差异(P>0.05),且垫料平养的高饲养密度肉鸡的腿肌pH1最低。综上所述,饲养方式和饲养密度都会影响肉鸡生长性能,但两者不存在交互作用；但在垫料平养和网上平养方式中提高饲养密度会对腿肌肉品质有显著影响。
本試驗旨在研究不同飼養方式和飼養密度對肉鷄生長性能及肉品質的影響。試驗採用3×2雙因子試驗設計,選用7日齡的Ross 308白羽肉鷄504隻,3種飼養方式分彆為地麵厚墊料平養、籠養和網上平養,2箇飼養密度分彆為12(正常密度)和16隻/m2(高密度),共6箇組,每箇組6箇重複。試驗期35 d。試驗結果顯示：1)飼養方式極顯著影響7~28日齡和29~42日齡的平均日採食量、平均日增重及料重比( P<0.001)。7~28日齡,肉鷄平均日採食量為墊料平養>籠養>網上平養,平均日增重為墊料平養>網上平養>籠養,料重比為網上平養<墊料平養<籠養。29~42日齡,肉鷄平均日採食量墊料平養顯著高于籠養和網上平養(P<0.05),平均日增重籠養顯著高于墊料平養和網上平養( P<0.05),料重比籠養<網上平養<墊料平養。在7~28日齡,高飼養密度有降低平均日採食量的趨勢(0.05<P<0.10),極顯著降低28日齡平均體重(P<0.01),但對料重比沒有顯著影響(P>0.05)。在29~42日齡,高飼養密度則有提高平均日採食量的趨勢(0.05<P<0.10),極顯著降低42日齡平均體重(P<0.01),極顯著增加料重比(P<0.01)。2)籠養較墊料平養和網上平養組能顯著降低肉鷄胸肌率( P<0.05),高飼養密度顯著提高瞭肉鷄腹脂率(P<0.05)。3)籠養極顯著降低屠宰後45 min胸肌pH(pH1)(P<0.01),高飼養密度顯著降低胸肌pH1(P<0.01),顯著提高胸肉的滴水損失率(P<0.05)。4)墊料平養的腿肌中亮度(L?)、黃度(b?)最高,且有降低紅度(a?)的趨勢；籠養則相反,有降低L?和b?,升高a?的趨勢；高飼養密度極顯著降低腿肌pH1( P<0.01),顯著提高腿肌中粗脂肪( EE)的含量( P<0.05)；飼養方式和飼養密度的交互作用極顯著影響腿肌pH1( P<0.01),在墊料平養和網上平養中提高飼養密度顯著降低屠宰後45 min腿肌pH1(P<0.05),而在籠養組中沒有顯著差異(P>0.05),且墊料平養的高飼養密度肉鷄的腿肌pH1最低。綜上所述,飼養方式和飼養密度都會影響肉鷄生長性能,但兩者不存在交互作用；但在墊料平養和網上平養方式中提高飼養密度會對腿肌肉品質有顯著影響。
본시험지재연구불동사양방식화사양밀도대육계생장성능급육품질적영향。시험채용3×2쌍인자시험설계,선용7일령적Ross 308백우육계504지,3충사양방식분별위지면후점료평양、롱양화망상평양,2개사양밀도분별위12(정상밀도)화16지/m2(고밀도),공6개조,매개조6개중복。시험기35 d。시험결과현시：1)사양방식겁현저영향7~28일령화29~42일령적평균일채식량、평균일증중급료중비( P<0.001)。7~28일령,육계평균일채식량위점료평양>롱양>망상평양,평균일증중위점료평양>망상평양>롱양,료중비위망상평양<점료평양<롱양。29~42일령,육계평균일채식량점료평양현저고우롱양화망상평양(P<0.05),평균일증중롱양현저고우점료평양화망상평양( P<0.05),료중비롱양<망상평양<점료평양。재7~28일령,고사양밀도유강저평균일채식량적추세(0.05<P<0.10),겁현저강저28일령평균체중(P<0.01),단대료중비몰유현저영향(P>0.05)。재29~42일령,고사양밀도칙유제고평균일채식량적추세(0.05<P<0.10),겁현저강저42일령평균체중(P<0.01),겁현저증가료중비(P<0.01)。2)롱양교점료평양화망상평양조능현저강저육계흉기솔( P<0.05),고사양밀도현저제고료육계복지솔(P<0.05)。3)롱양겁현저강저도재후45 min흉기pH(pH1)(P<0.01),고사양밀도현저강저흉기pH1(P<0.01),현저제고흉육적적수손실솔(P<0.05)。4)점료평양적퇴기중량도(L?)、황도(b?)최고,차유강저홍도(a?)적추세；롱양칙상반,유강저L?화b?,승고a?적추세；고사양밀도겁현저강저퇴기pH1( P<0.01),현저제고퇴기중조지방( EE)적함량( P<0.05)；사양방식화사양밀도적교호작용겁현저영향퇴기pH1( P<0.01),재점료평양화망상평양중제고사양밀도현저강저도재후45 min퇴기pH1(P<0.05),이재롱양조중몰유현저차이(P>0.05),차점료평양적고사양밀도육계적퇴기pH1최저。종상소술,사양방식화사양밀도도회영향육계생장성능,단량자불존재교호작용；단재점료평양화망상평양방식중제고사양밀도회대퇴기육품질유현저영향。
The effects of rearing system and stocking density on growth performance and carcass composition of broilers were investigated in this experiment. Using a 3×2 factors completely randomized design, a total of 504 seven-day-old male broilers ( Ross 308) were divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group, respec-tively. Three rearing systems were designed as battery rearing, floor rearing and net rearing. Two stocking den-sities were designed as normal density ( 12 birds/m2 ) and high density ( 16 birds/m2 ) . This test lasted for 35 d. The results showed as follows: 1 ) Rearing system had significant effect on average daily feed intake ( ADFI) , average daily gain ( ADG) and feed to gain ratio ( F/G) of broilers aged from 7 to 28 and 29 to 42 days ( P<0.001) . At 7 to 28 days of age, ADFI of broilers appeared as floor rearing>battery rearing> net rea-ring, ADG appeared as floor rearing> net rearing> battery rearing, F/G appeared as net rearing< floor rearing< battery rearing. At 29 to 42 days of age, floor rearing significantly enhanced ADFI of broilers com-pared with battery rearing and net rearing (P<0.05). Battery rearing significantly enhanced ADG of broilers compared with floor rearing and net rearing (P<0.05). F/G appeared as battery rearing> net rearing> floor rearing. High stocking density had the trend to decrease ADFI of broilers aged 7 to 28 days (0.05<P<0.10), significantly decreased BW of broilers aged 28 days (P<0.01), but did not significantly affect F/G (P>0.05). At 29 to 42 days of age, high stocking density had the trend to increase ADFI of broilers (0.05<P<0.10) , significantly decreased BW and increased F/G of 42days broilers ( P<0.01) . 2) Battery rearing signif-icantly decreased breast yields compared with the other two feeding system (P<0.05), high stocking density significantly increased abdominal fat yields ( P<0.05) . 3) The pH1 of breast muscle at 45 min after slaughter was significantly decreased in battery rearing ( P<0.01) . High stocking density significantly decreased pH1 and increased water-loss rate of breast muscle (P<0.05). 4) Floor rearing had the highest luminance (L?) and yellowness ( b?) , and had the trend to decrease redness ( a?) of leg muscle, whereas, battery rearing group appeared the contrary effect, had the trend to decrease L?and b?, and increase a?. High stocking density sig-nificantly decreased pH1( P<0. 01) and significantly increased the ether extract content of leg muscle ( P<0.05) . Significant interactive effects between rearing system and stocking density were appeared in pH1 of leg muscle ( P<0.01) , high stocking density significantly decreased pH1 of leg muscle of broilers in floor rearing and net rearing system ( P<0.05) but not in battery rearing system ( P>0.05) , and the lowest pH1 of leg mus-cle was appeared in floor rearing with high stocking density group. In conclusion, rearing system and stocking density have affect on the growth performance of broilers with no interaction is found. The interaction is found in meat quality of leg muscle, and high stocking density in floor and net rearing system can significant affect the leg muscle quality.
