CAJ | 학술논문

采用平板计数法和聚合酶链式反应( PCR)-变性梯度凝胶电泳( DGGE)技术分析免疫增强剂党参对仿刺参( Apostichopus japonicas)肠道菌群结构的影响。将初始体重为(18.00±2.00) g的仿刺参随机分为2组(对照组、试验组)，每组6个重复，每个重复12只。对照组投喂海泥、鼠尾藻粉按照1∶1的质量比配制的饵料，试验组饵料中以鼠尾藻粉质量的2%添加党参，连续投喂28 d。结果表明：应用免疫增强剂党参不仅能够显著提高仿刺参的特定生长率( P<0.05)，降低其饵料系数(P<0.05)，而且能够显著增加仿刺参肠道内容物中异养菌的数量(P<0.05)；序列统计分析显示投喂党参后仿刺参肠道细菌优质序列比例显著增加( P<0.05)，试验组达97.57%，对照组仅为80.22%；Beta多样性分析反映投喂党参后仿刺参肠道微生态环境发生了变化，其多样性系数范围在14.91%~15.47%、15.47%~16.21%、14.91%~16.21%；丰度分析显示投喂党参后仿刺参肠道内容物中变形菌门( Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门( Bacteroidetes)丰度提高，疣微菌门( Verrucomicrobia)、放线菌门( Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门( Firmiaites)丰度降低；聚类分析显示试验组与对照组肠道菌群结构相似性系数为0.97。由此可见，免疫增强剂党参可提高仿刺参的特定生长率，降低饵料系数，增加肠道异养菌数量和优势菌群丰度，优化肠道微生态环境。
채용평판계수법화취합매련식반응( PCR)-변성제도응효전영( DGGE)기술분석면역증강제당삼대방자삼( Apostichopus japonicas)장도균군결구적영향。장초시체중위(18.00±2.00) g적방자삼수궤분위2조(대조조、시험조)，매조6개중복，매개중복12지。대조조투위해니、서미조분안조1∶1적질량비배제적이료，시험조이료중이서미조분질량적2%첨가당삼，련속투위28 d。결과표명：응용면역증강제당삼불부능구현저제고방자삼적특정생장솔( P<0.05)，강저기이료계수(P<0.05)，이차능구현저증가방자삼장도내용물중이양균적수량(P<0.05)；서렬통계분석현시투위당삼후방자삼장도세균우질서렬비례현저증가( P<0.05)，시험조체97.57%，대조조부위80.22%；Beta다양성분석반영투위당삼후방자삼장도미생태배경발생료변화，기다양성계수범위재14.91%~15.47%、15.47%~16.21%、14.91%~16.21%；봉도분석현시투위당삼후방자삼장도내용물중변형균문( Proteobacteria)화의간균문( Bacteroidetes)봉도제고，우미균문( Verrucomicrobia)、방선균문( Actinobacteria)화후벽균문( Firmiaites)봉도강저；취류분석현시시험조여대조조장도균군결구상사성계수위0.97。유차가견，면역증강제당삼가제고방자삼적특정생장솔，강저이료계수，증가장도이양균수량화우세균군봉도，우화장도미생태배경。
By plate counting method and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electropho-resis ( DGGE ) technology, the effect of Codonopsis pilosula as an immunopotentiator on intestinal bacterial community composition of Apostichopus japonicas was investigated. Apostichopus japonicas with the initial body weight of (18.00±2.00) g were randomly divided into 2 groups (control group and experimental group) with 6 replicates per group and 12 Apostichopus japonicas per replicate. Apostichopus japonicas in the control group were fed a diet which were formulated using sea mud and Sargassum thunbergii powder with the mass ra-tio of sea mud to Sargassum thunbergii ratio was 1∶1, while those in the experimental group were fed the diet adding Codonopsis pilosula with the quantity of 2% Sargassum thunbergii powder weight. The feeding trial las-ted for 28 days. The results showed that immunopotentiator-Codonopsis pilosula could significantly promote the special growth rate ( P<0.05) , reduce the feed conversion ratio ( P<0.05) , and increase the count of hetero-trophic in intestinal content of Apostichopus japonicas (P<0.05). Sequence statistics showed that the propor-tion of superior sequence was significantly increased after feeding Codonopsis pilosula ( P<0.05) , which in ex-perimental group was 97.57% and that in control group was only 80.22%. Beta-diversity analysis reported that the intestinal microenvironment of Apostichopus japonicas was changed after feeding Codonopsis pilosula, and the rages of coefficient variation were 14.91% to 15.47%, 15.47% to 16.21%, and 14.91% to 16.21%. A-bundance analysis showed that the abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were increased, but the a-bundances of Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria and Firmiaites were decreased after feeding Codonopsis pilosula. The similarity coefficient of intestinal bacterial community composition between control group and experimental group was 0.97 by cluster analysis. It is concluded that Codonopsis pilosula as an immunopotentiator can im-prove the specific growth rate, reduce the feed conversion ratio, increase the count of heterotroph and the a-bundance of dominant bacteria in intestine, and optimize the intestinal microenvironment of Apostichopus ja-ponicus.