山东高等教育(原刊名:青岛大学师范学院学报)
山東高等教育(原刊名:青島大學師範學院學報)
산동고등교육(원간명:청도대학사범학원학보)
Journal of Teachers College Qingdao University
2015年
1期
5-16
,共12页
美国大学%管理体制%地方分权%《莫雷尔法案》%《国防教育法》
美國大學%管理體製%地方分權%《莫雷爾法案》%《國防教育法》
미국대학%관리체제%지방분권%《막뢰이법안》%《국방교육법》
American university%management system%decentralization of power%Morel Act%National Defense Education Act
美国高等教育经历了两次大的发展跨越,《莫雷尔法案》和《国防教育法》的通过和实施,促成了美国大学的现代转型与崛起。美国高等教育宏观管理体制实行地方分权制,各州可以按照实际情况建立自己的大学体系;高等教育与劳动力市场需求相互适应,呈金字塔型结构;制度安排有利于教学与科研有机结合;实行公立大学和私立大学并存并荣的发展方针;通过立法对高等教育进行宏观控制和调节。美国大学微观管理方面强调学术自由,赋予大学办学自主权;学校层面重视学术权力与行政权力的平衡;院系层面强调强有力的管理;相对独立的校董会缓冲了社会政治浪潮对大学的冲击;学校日常管理工作走向制度化、规范化;筹款是大学校长和大学管理层重要的工作内容之一;学校倡导与社区融为一体的开放式环境。
美國高等教育經歷瞭兩次大的髮展跨越,《莫雷爾法案》和《國防教育法》的通過和實施,促成瞭美國大學的現代轉型與崛起。美國高等教育宏觀管理體製實行地方分權製,各州可以按照實際情況建立自己的大學體繫;高等教育與勞動力市場需求相互適應,呈金字塔型結構;製度安排有利于教學與科研有機結閤;實行公立大學和私立大學併存併榮的髮展方針;通過立法對高等教育進行宏觀控製和調節。美國大學微觀管理方麵彊調學術自由,賦予大學辦學自主權;學校層麵重視學術權力與行政權力的平衡;院繫層麵彊調彊有力的管理;相對獨立的校董會緩遲瞭社會政治浪潮對大學的遲擊;學校日常管理工作走嚮製度化、規範化;籌款是大學校長和大學管理層重要的工作內容之一;學校倡導與社區融為一體的開放式環境。
미국고등교육경력료량차대적발전과월,《막뢰이법안》화《국방교육법》적통과화실시,촉성료미국대학적현대전형여굴기。미국고등교육굉관관리체제실행지방분권제,각주가이안조실제정황건립자기적대학체계;고등교육여노동력시장수구상호괄응,정금자탑형결구;제도안배유리우교학여과연유궤결합;실행공립대학화사립대학병존병영적발전방침;통과입법대고등교육진행굉관공제화조절。미국대학미관관리방면강조학술자유,부여대학판학자주권;학교층면중시학술권력여행정권력적평형;원계층면강조강유력적관리;상대독립적교동회완충료사회정치랑조대대학적충격;학교일상관리공작주향제도화、규범화;주관시대학교장화대학관리층중요적공작내용지일;학교창도여사구융위일체적개방식배경。
USA higher education has experienced two big development span. The adoption and implementation of “Morel Act” and “National Defense Education Act” that contributed to the modern transformation and the rise of the American Universities. The aspects of macro-control system in USA higher education can be listed as follows:Firstly ,different state government has established its own university system because of implementing the decentralization of power. Secondly ,there is mutual adaptation of higher education and the labor market. Thirdly ,teaching and scientific research is combined organically because of system arrangement. Fourthly ,government implemented development policy that public university and private university coexist. Fifthly ,government carried out macro-control through legislation on higher education. The aspects of micro management in USA universities can be listed as follows:Firstly,universities stress academic freedom and university autonomy. Secondly,the balance between academic right and administrative right is emphasized by universities. Thirdly ,strong management is endowed in school. Fourthly ,social politic intervention is avoided because of independent university board. Fifthly,institutional and standard system is built in process of university daily management. Sixthly,fundraising is the important work for University president and managers. Seventhly, the open environment between university and community is advocated.