CAJ | 학술논문

秸秆还田条件下，采用多年田间定位试验研究了N肥减量施用对作物产量、养分吸收利用以及土壤表观N平衡的影响，旨在为关中小麦／玉米一年二熟轮作区合理施用N肥提供依据。结果表明：与常规施N处理（玉米季施氮187．5 kg·hm－2，小麦季施氮150 kg·hm－2）相比，2008—2011年三年中，15％减N、30％减N两个处理均未显著降低作物籽粒与秸秆产量；2010—2011年生长季中，15％减N处理降低了作物秸秆N、P、K周年总吸收量，增加了籽粒N、P、K周年总吸收量，其中籽粒P周年总吸收量增加达显著性水平；30％减N处理显著降低了籽粒N和秸秆N、K周年总吸收量，降幅分别为12．9％、41．9％、18．5％，在小麦收获后，30％减N处理的N素盈余量只有11．3 kg·hm－2，有潜在缺N危险。综合考虑产量、养分吸收利用及土壤表观N平衡，在秸秆还田条件下，15％减N处理的施N量（即玉米季施氮159 kg·hm－2，小麦季施氮127．5 kg·hm－2）为本地区最佳N肥用量。
갈간환전조건하，채용다년전간정위시험연구료N비감량시용대작물산량、양분흡수이용이급토양표관N평형적영향，지재위관중소맥／옥미일년이숙륜작구합리시용N비제공의거。결과표명：여상규시N처리（옥미계시담187．5 kg·hm－2，소맥계시담150 kg·hm－2）상비，2008—2011년삼년중，15％감N、30％감N량개처리균미현저강저작물자립여갈간산량；2010—2011년생장계중，15％감N처리강저료작물갈간N、P、K주년총흡수량，증가료자립N、P、K주년총흡수량，기중자립P주년총흡수량증가체현저성수평；30％감N처리현저강저료자립N화갈간N、K주년총흡수량，강폭분별위12．9％、41．9％、18．5％，재소맥수획후，30％감N처리적N소영여량지유11．3 kg·hm－2，유잠재결N위험。종합고필산량、양분흡수이용급토양표관N평형，재갈간환전조건하，15％감N처리적시N량（즉옥미계시담159 kg·hm－2，소맥계시담127．5 kg·hm－2）위본지구최가N비용량。
The long term field experiment on N fertilizer reduction under the conditions of straw incorporation was conducted to identify a suitable N rate and provide the theoretical basis of reasonable fertilization for the farmland in wheat-straw cropping system on Guanzhong Plain .Three treatments ,conventional applied N ,15% and 30% reduction applied N ,were performed by a randomized complete block design with three replications .The results showed that ,in comparison with conventional N application treatment ,averaged across three years from 2008 to 2011 ,N reduction by 15% and 30% did not significantly reduce crop grain and straw yields .During the crop growing seasons from 2010 to 2011 ,N reduction by 15% reduced straw N ,P ,K annual uptake and increased grain N ,P ,K annual uptake ,especial-ly for grain P uptake .N reduction by 30% significantly reduced grain N ,straw N ,K annual total uptake by 12 .9% , 41 .9% ,18 .5% respectively .30% N reduction treatment had the lowest N surplus after harvesting wheat and maize , the N surplus was only 11 .3 kg·hm-2 when wheat was harvested ,partially associated with a shortage of N .Taking into account into consideration of the yield ,nutrients uptake and utilization ,apparent soil N balance ,the 15% N reduction treatment has an optimum N application rate (wheat season 127 .5 kg·hm-2 ,maize season 159 .4 kg·hm-2 ) in this re-gion .