CAJ | 학술논문

通过旱棚小车模拟小麦／玉米垄沟套作种植试验，研究了3种不同垄沟部位（垄顶、垄底和沟中）施肥对小麦／玉米生长和产量及土壤水氮分布的影响。结果表明：相同灌水条件下，施肥部位对垄沟套作水分分布影响不显著，但土壤硝态氮的分布差异较大；垄顶施肥和垄底施肥处理下，由于水肥异区，其垄上小麦生长带的硝态氮主要分布在0～30 cm土层，有效地减少了硝态氮向土壤深层淋溶，而后期沟内玉米生长带的水氮处理相同，因此其硝态氮分布差异较小；在相同灌水条件下，垄沟套作可以有效降低水分流失，减少氮肥损失，因此较传统平作更有利于作物生长，提高小麦、玉米的产量，且以垄顶施肥和垄底施肥效果最显著，小麦产量较平作分别增加11．47％、10．81％，玉米产量较平作分别增加18．87％、22．70％。
통과한붕소차모의소맥／옥미롱구투작충식시험，연구료3충불동롱구부위（롱정、롱저화구중）시비대소맥／옥미생장화산량급토양수담분포적영향。결과표명：상동관수조건하，시비부위대롱구투작수분분포영향불현저，단토양초태담적분포차이교대；롱정시비화롱저시비처리하，유우수비이구，기롱상소맥생장대적초태담주요분포재0～30 cm토층，유효지감소료초태담향토양심층림용，이후기구내옥미생장대적수담처리상동，인차기초태담분포차이교소；재상동관수조건하，롱구투작가이유효강저수분류실，감소담비손실，인차교전통평작경유리우작물생장，제고소맥、옥미적산량，차이롱정시비화롱저시비효과최현저，소맥산량교평작분별증가11．47％、10．81％，옥미산량교평작분별증가18．87％、22．70％。
Through the drought shed simulation wheat/maize ridge and furrow intercropping experiment ,we investi-gated influences of three different positions (ridge top ,ridge bottom and furrow ) fertilizer on the growth ,yield of wheat /maize and the effect of soil water and nitrogen distribution .The results showed that the influences of fertilizer position on the water distribution are not significant for the same irrigation ,but the distribution of soil nitrate differed markedly .Fer-tilization on ridge top and ridge bottom showed different nitrate distribution at 0~30 cm soil layer ,which can effectively affect soil nitrate leaching .No obvious difference in nitrate distribution was detected between the same water and nitrate treatments of the late maize growth zone .Furrow intercropping can effectively reduce moisture loss and nitrogen leaching than conventional flat intercropping ,with enhancing effect on wheat/maize growth and consequently increased wheat yield by 11 .47% ~10 .81% and maize yield by 18 .87% ~22 .70% .