干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2015年
1期
213-218
,共6页
刘明春%孙占峰%蒋菊芳%任丽雯
劉明春%孫佔峰%蔣菊芳%任麗雯
류명춘%손점봉%장국방%임려문
气候变化%气温%降水%春油菜%生育进程%产量
氣候變化%氣溫%降水%春油菜%生育進程%產量
기후변화%기온%강수%춘유채%생육진정%산량
climate change%temperature%precipitation%spring rape%growing process%yield
利用甘肃省春油菜种植区甘肃民乐县1987—2006年、合作市1987—1999年油菜生育期、产量资料及光温水气象资料，分析了气候变化特征及与油菜生长发育、产量形成之间的相互关系。结果表明：气候变暖背景下，甘肃油菜产区气温呈升高趋势，气温倾向率在0．28～0．31℃·10a－1，河西民乐产区气温增幅大于甘南合作产区。降水基本稳定，两地增（民乐）、减（合作）幅较小。关键生育期———苔花期降水民乐呈减少趋势，合作呈增加趋势；气候变暖使油菜生育进程加快，民乐现蕾—开花、开花—绿熟间隔日数减少趋势明显，1997—2006年平均日数较1986—1996年分别减少13 d和4 d；单位气候要素变化导致气候产量敏感程度不一，民乐产区降水影响以正效应为主，水分不足是产量提高的主要限制因子，最大影响时段出现在苔花期。合作产区光温影响以正效应为主，光温条件不足是主要限制因子，其次是现蕾—开花期降水呈正效应。总体而言，气候变化对高寒阴湿区油菜产量增加和品质形成更为有利，不利于温带草原气候区油菜生产，温带草原气候区应积极采取抗旱保墒、播种期提前等应对措施。
利用甘肅省春油菜種植區甘肅民樂縣1987—2006年、閤作市1987—1999年油菜生育期、產量資料及光溫水氣象資料，分析瞭氣候變化特徵及與油菜生長髮育、產量形成之間的相互關繫。結果錶明：氣候變暖揹景下，甘肅油菜產區氣溫呈升高趨勢，氣溫傾嚮率在0．28～0．31℃·10a－1，河西民樂產區氣溫增幅大于甘南閤作產區。降水基本穩定，兩地增（民樂）、減（閤作）幅較小。關鍵生育期———苔花期降水民樂呈減少趨勢，閤作呈增加趨勢；氣候變暖使油菜生育進程加快，民樂現蕾—開花、開花—綠熟間隔日數減少趨勢明顯，1997—2006年平均日數較1986—1996年分彆減少13 d和4 d；單位氣候要素變化導緻氣候產量敏感程度不一，民樂產區降水影響以正效應為主，水分不足是產量提高的主要限製因子，最大影響時段齣現在苔花期。閤作產區光溫影響以正效應為主，光溫條件不足是主要限製因子，其次是現蕾—開花期降水呈正效應。總體而言，氣候變化對高寒陰濕區油菜產量增加和品質形成更為有利，不利于溫帶草原氣候區油菜生產，溫帶草原氣候區應積極採取抗旱保墑、播種期提前等應對措施。
이용감숙성춘유채충식구감숙민악현1987—2006년、합작시1987—1999년유채생육기、산량자료급광온수기상자료，분석료기후변화특정급여유채생장발육、산량형성지간적상호관계。결과표명：기후변난배경하，감숙유채산구기온정승고추세，기온경향솔재0．28～0．31℃·10a－1，하서민악산구기온증폭대우감남합작산구。강수기본은정，량지증（민악）、감（합작）폭교소。관건생육기———태화기강수민악정감소추세，합작정증가추세；기후변난사유채생육진정가쾌，민악현뢰—개화、개화—록숙간격일수감소추세명현，1997—2006년평균일수교1986—1996년분별감소13 d화4 d；단위기후요소변화도치기후산량민감정도불일，민악산구강수영향이정효응위주，수분불족시산량제고적주요한제인자，최대영향시단출현재태화기。합작산구광온영향이정효응위주，광온조건불족시주요한제인자，기차시현뢰—개화기강수정정효응。총체이언，기후변화대고한음습구유채산량증가화품질형성경위유리，불리우온대초원기후구유채생산，온대초원기후구응적겁채취항한보상、파충기제전등응대조시。
Using information on the growth and yield of rape and meteorological date from the rape planting area in Gansu ,Minle (1987—2006 ) and Hezuo (1987—1999 ) ,we analyzed the correlation between characteristics of climate change and rape growth and yield in Gansu province .The results showed that the temperature rises in the spring rape planting area of Gansu due to global warming ,with a tendency rate at 0 .28~0 .31 ℃·10a-1 .And the temperature in-creased more in Hexi Minle region than Gannan cooperation areas .The precipitation was basically stable with minor in-crease (Minle region ) and subtle reduction (Gannan cooperation areas ) .The rape growth rate went up because of climate warming .The interval days shortened significantly from bud/blossom to blossom/green mature in Minle region ,resulting in average decreases of 13D and 4D from 1997 to 2006 than 1986—1996 ,respectively .Changes in unit climate elements leaded to the climatic yield with inconsistently sensitive degree .Effect of precipitation was positively correlated in Minle region .Water shortage was the main limiting factor for yield increase ,influencing mostly at moss flowering stage .The ef-fects of light and temperature were positive in Gannan cooperation areas .Insufficiencies in light and temperature were the primary limiting factors .The precipitation in budding and blossom period showed positively effect .Overall ,the climate changes were more favorable for rape yield increase and quality formation in cold and damp area ,whereas these were pre-ferred in the temperate steppe climate zones .Rape growth in the latter would be actively adopted by storing water ,early sowing ,and the introduction of drought resistant measures .
