铁道学报
鐵道學報
철도학보
2015年
2期
78-84
,共7页
高速铁路%阻尼钢轨%减振降噪%导纳%声辐射
高速鐵路%阻尼鋼軌%減振降譟%導納%聲輻射
고속철로%조니강궤%감진강조%도납%성복사
high-speed railway%damping rail%vibration and noise reduction%admittance%acoustic radiation
铺设阻尼钢轨是从声源处对钢轨振动噪声进行控制的有效方法。本文将有限元法与边界元法相结合，建立阻尼钢轨‐无砟轨道系统振动‐声辐射分析模型，以高速轮轨力谱作为激励，分析阻尼钢轨材料、结构参数对钢轨导纳传递特性及声辐射特性的影响。计算结果表明：阻尼钢轨的减振降噪能力随阻尼材料损耗因子的增加而增强，但两者并非呈线性关系；增大阻尼层厚度可提高阻尼钢轨的耗能能力；约束板的材料特性及厚度对阻尼钢轨的减振降噪效果影响不大，约束板的设计宜采用轻质、较薄合金材料；将阻尼敷设在轨腰及钢轨上、下翼缘可取得最佳减振降噪效果，但在减振降噪要求较低的区段可将阻尼材料仅敷设在轨腰和钢轨下翼缘。计算及分析结果可为高速铁路阻尼钢轨的优化设计提供参考。
鋪設阻尼鋼軌是從聲源處對鋼軌振動譟聲進行控製的有效方法。本文將有限元法與邊界元法相結閤，建立阻尼鋼軌‐無砟軌道繫統振動‐聲輻射分析模型，以高速輪軌力譜作為激勵，分析阻尼鋼軌材料、結構參數對鋼軌導納傳遞特性及聲輻射特性的影響。計算結果錶明：阻尼鋼軌的減振降譟能力隨阻尼材料損耗因子的增加而增彊，但兩者併非呈線性關繫；增大阻尼層厚度可提高阻尼鋼軌的耗能能力；約束闆的材料特性及厚度對阻尼鋼軌的減振降譟效果影響不大，約束闆的設計宜採用輕質、較薄閤金材料；將阻尼敷設在軌腰及鋼軌上、下翼緣可取得最佳減振降譟效果，但在減振降譟要求較低的區段可將阻尼材料僅敷設在軌腰和鋼軌下翼緣。計算及分析結果可為高速鐵路阻尼鋼軌的優化設計提供參攷。
포설조니강궤시종성원처대강궤진동조성진행공제적유효방법。본문장유한원법여변계원법상결합，건립조니강궤‐무사궤도계통진동‐성복사분석모형，이고속륜궤력보작위격려，분석조니강궤재료、결구삼수대강궤도납전체특성급성복사특성적영향。계산결과표명：조니강궤적감진강조능력수조니재료손모인자적증가이증강，단량자병비정선성관계；증대조니층후도가제고조니강궤적모능능력；약속판적재료특성급후도대조니강궤적감진강조효과영향불대，약속판적설계의채용경질、교박합금재료；장조니부설재궤요급강궤상、하익연가취득최가감진강조효과，단재감진강조요구교저적구단가장조니재료부부설재궤요화강궤하익연。계산급분석결과가위고속철로조니강궤적우화설계제공삼고。
Using the constrained damping rail is an active control method for mitigating railway vibration and noise at the source . Based on the hybrid FEM‐BEM method , a vibro‐acoustic radiation model for damping rail‐ballastless track system was established . With high‐speed wheel/rail force spectrum as external stimulus for the vibro‐acoustic radiation model , the influence of materials and structural parameters of damping rail on rail admittance and acoustic radiated power was analyzed . The results show that the vibration and noise reduction properties of damping rail are enhanced with the increase of the loss factor of damping material . However , the relationship between them is nonlinear .Increasing the thickness of damping layer can improve the energy dissi‐pation of damping rail . Lighter weight and thinner alloy materials can be used on the constrained layer as the material properties and thickness of constrained layer have little influence on the performance of damping rail . Best noise and vibration reduction effects can be achieved by laying damping material on rail top flange , rail waist and rail bottom flange .But in sections where the requirement of vibration and noise reduction is lower , it is also appropriate to lay the damping material only on rail waist and rail bottom flange . The calculation and analysis results can provide certain reference for the optimal design of the damping rail for high‐speed railway .
