CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解不同家庭情况、父母文化程度及职业的青少年忽视状况，为促进青少年身心健康提供科学依据。方法：依据方便分层整群抽样原则，选取嘉兴市和芜湖市7所中学6347名青少年作为研究对象，并进行现场问卷调查，内容主要包括家庭情况、父母文化程度、职业状况和忽视情况等。结果：2296名青少年曾受到过忽视，总忽视率为36．2％。长期与父母分开的家庭类型中青少年忽视率较高（46．7％）；三代同堂家庭较低（33．3％），家庭年收入＜1万元的青少年忽视率较高（43．9％），且不同家庭类型、家庭年收入的青少年忽视率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；父母文化程度为文盲的青少年忽视率较高（45．9％和45．2％）；父母文化程度为大专者较低（25．6％和21．1％），并随着父母文化程度的提升，青少年忽视度评分总体呈现下降的趋势（χ2趋势＝44．078和χ2趋势＝82．987，P＜0．01）；父母无固定职业或打工者的青少年忽视率较高（40．2％和42．4％），父亲职业为公务员或教师和母亲职业为科技、金融业等较低（26．2％和25．4％），且父母不同职业忽视率差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：青少年忽视与家庭情况、父母文化程度及其职业密不可分，营造充满友爱的亲情家庭、采用正确的家庭教育及强化家庭管理，是预防和减少青少年忽视的重要措施。
목적：료해불동가정정황、부모문화정도급직업적청소년홀시상황，위촉진청소년신심건강제공과학의거。방법：의거방편분층정군추양원칙，선취가흥시화무호시7소중학6347명청소년작위연구대상，병진행현장문권조사，내용주요포괄가정정황、부모문화정도、직업상황화홀시정황등。결과：2296명청소년증수도과홀시，총홀시솔위36．2％。장기여부모분개적가정류형중청소년홀시솔교고（46．7％）；삼대동당가정교저（33．3％），가정년수입＜1만원적청소년홀시솔교고（43．9％），차불동가정류형、가정년수입적청소년홀시솔차이균유통계학의의（P＜0．05）；부모문화정도위문맹적청소년홀시솔교고（45．9％화45．2％）；부모문화정도위대전자교저（25．6％화21．1％），병수착부모문화정도적제승，청소년홀시도평분총체정현하강적추세（χ2추세＝44．078화χ2추세＝82．987，P＜0．01）；부모무고정직업혹타공자적청소년홀시솔교고（40．2％화42．4％），부친직업위공무원혹교사화모친직업위과기、금융업등교저（26．2％화25．4％），차부모불동직업홀시솔차이유고도통계학의의（P＜0．01）。결론：청소년홀시여가정정황、부모문화정도급기직업밀불가분，영조충만우애적친정가정、채용정학적가정교육급강화가정관리，시예방화감소청소년홀시적중요조시。
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of child neglect in adolescents with different family background ,parents′educational levels and em-ployment status in order to supply evidence with mental health care for this population group .Methods:By convenient stratified cluster sampling ,we con-ducted a survey on 6 347 students from 7 schools located in Wuhu,Anhui province and Jiaxin,Zhejiang province,respectively,with field questionnaire re-sponse.The items in the questionnaire included the family background,educational levels of parents,parental employment status and incidence of being neglected in family.Results:Neglect occurred in 2 296 of the total 6 347 students,which accounted for 36.2%.Neglect was most prevalent in students liv-ing long-term separately from their parents(46.7%),followed by those whose parents annual income under 10 000 RMB yuan (43.9%),and those living with three generations in one house(33.3%).The difference was significant in adolescents with different family background and annual income of parents (P<0.05).Highest incidence of neglect was found in students with a father or mother of illiteracy compared to those with parents ever received college education(45.9%/45.2% vs.25.6%/21.1%).The incidence of neglect tended to generally decline in students with better education of parents (χ2tend =44.078 andχ2tend =82.987,P<0.01).Adolescents whose father or mother was in temporary job position or migrant workers had higher rate of being neg-lected(40.2% and 42.4%) than those with parents′employment as civil servant or a teacher or a mother working in sections of science and technology or finance(26.2% and 25.4%),which suggested statistical difference(P <0.01).Conclusion:Prevalence of child neglect is strongly associated with family background,educational levels and employment of parents.Prevention and lessening of the extent for the adolescents being neglected shall focus on creation of a mercy parent-child relationship,appropriate family education improvement on family management .