农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
1期
11-19
,共9页
张顺%夏俊芳%周勇%翟建波%郭洋民%张秀梅%吴昊
張順%夏俊芳%週勇%翟建波%郭洋民%張秀梅%吳昊
장순%하준방%주용%적건파%곽양민%장수매%오호
农业机械%种子%气力式设备%滚筒%窝眼%清种绳%清种风嘴%直播排种器
農業機械%種子%氣力式設備%滾筒%窩眼%清種繩%清種風嘴%直播排種器
농업궤계%충자%기력식설비%곤통%와안%청충승%청충풍취%직파배충기
agricultural machinery%seed%pneumatic equipment%cylinder%socket%seed clearing rope%seed clearing air nozzle%direct seed-metering device
为适应杂交水稻精量穴直播的种植要求，采用窝眼充种、多吸孔吸种、气吹清种、护种带护种及气力清堵等方式，设计了一种气力滚筒式水稻穴直播精量排种器。以黄华占破胸芽种为播种对象，采用四因数三水平正交试验设计方法，研究了窝眼形状、滚筒转速、吸室真空度和清种气流强度对排种器排种性能的影响，并进行了窝眼形状对杂交稻品种的播种适应性试验。试验结果表明：影响排种器性能的主次因素依次为窝眼形状、滚筒转速、清种气流强度和吸室真空度，且在窝眼形状为圆锥形、滚筒转速为10 r/min、清种气流强度为17.03 m/s、吸室真空度为4 kPa时，排种器的合格率（（3±1）粒/穴）为85.47%，漏播率（小于2粒/穴）为3.6%，空穴率为0.4%，重播率（大于4粒/穴）为10.93%，平均穴距为199.37 mm（理论穴距为200 mm），穴距变异系数为6.10%，种子破损率为1.08%，满足杂交水稻精量穴直播的种植要求。采用相同的窝眼形状和运行参数，试播外形几何尺寸有一定差异的冈优364、汕优63和丰源优2723个杂交品种的破胸芽种，合格率均达到或超过85.07%，漏播率均不大于4%，空穴率均不大于0.67%，试验结果表明圆锥形窝眼对不同杂交稻品种具有一定的播种适应性。该研究为窝眼式水稻穴直播精量排种器的设计提供了理论参考依据。
為適應雜交水稻精量穴直播的種植要求，採用窩眼充種、多吸孔吸種、氣吹清種、護種帶護種及氣力清堵等方式，設計瞭一種氣力滾筒式水稻穴直播精量排種器。以黃華佔破胸芽種為播種對象，採用四因數三水平正交試驗設計方法，研究瞭窩眼形狀、滾筒轉速、吸室真空度和清種氣流彊度對排種器排種性能的影響，併進行瞭窩眼形狀對雜交稻品種的播種適應性試驗。試驗結果錶明：影響排種器性能的主次因素依次為窩眼形狀、滾筒轉速、清種氣流彊度和吸室真空度，且在窩眼形狀為圓錐形、滾筒轉速為10 r/min、清種氣流彊度為17.03 m/s、吸室真空度為4 kPa時，排種器的閤格率（（3±1）粒/穴）為85.47%，漏播率（小于2粒/穴）為3.6%，空穴率為0.4%，重播率（大于4粒/穴）為10.93%，平均穴距為199.37 mm（理論穴距為200 mm），穴距變異繫數為6.10%，種子破損率為1.08%，滿足雜交水稻精量穴直播的種植要求。採用相同的窩眼形狀和運行參數，試播外形幾何呎吋有一定差異的岡優364、汕優63和豐源優2723箇雜交品種的破胸芽種，閤格率均達到或超過85.07%，漏播率均不大于4%，空穴率均不大于0.67%，試驗結果錶明圓錐形窩眼對不同雜交稻品種具有一定的播種適應性。該研究為窩眼式水稻穴直播精量排種器的設計提供瞭理論參攷依據。
위괄응잡교수도정량혈직파적충식요구，채용와안충충、다흡공흡충、기취청충、호충대호충급기력청도등방식，설계료일충기력곤통식수도혈직파정량배충기。이황화점파흉아충위파충대상，채용사인수삼수평정교시험설계방법，연구료와안형상、곤통전속、흡실진공도화청충기류강도대배충기배충성능적영향，병진행료와안형상대잡교도품충적파충괄응성시험。시험결과표명：영향배충기성능적주차인소의차위와안형상、곤통전속、청충기류강도화흡실진공도，차재와안형상위원추형、곤통전속위10 r/min、청충기류강도위17.03 m/s、흡실진공도위4 kPa시，배충기적합격솔（（3±1）립/혈）위85.47%，루파솔（소우2립/혈）위3.6%，공혈솔위0.4%，중파솔（대우4립/혈）위10.93%，평균혈거위199.37 mm（이론혈거위200 mm），혈거변이계수위6.10%，충자파손솔위1.08%，만족잡교수도정량혈직파적충식요구。채용상동적와안형상화운행삼수，시파외형궤하척촌유일정차이적강우364、산우63화봉원우2723개잡교품충적파흉아충，합격솔균체도혹초과85.07%，루파솔균불대우4%，공혈솔균불대우0.67%，시험결과표명원추형와안대불동잡교도품충구유일정적파충괄응성。해연구위와안식수도혈직파정량배충기적설계제공료이론삼고의거。
With the adjustment of social industrial structure and the rising cost of rural labor, especially the lack of freshwater resources, rice direct seeding is characterized by cost-saving advantages compared to rice transplanting. The planting area of rice direct seeding is enlarged during the last several decades. In order to meet the direct seeding requirements (2-4 seeds per hole) of hybrid rice, a unique pneumatic cylinder-type precision metering device was designed, which combined the features of socket-filling, vacuum suction, air-blowing, rubber guard and pneumatic clear plugging. This paper described the working principle of metering device, determined the key structure parameters, and established the mechanical model of single rice seed during the air-blowing clearing process of air nozzle. Based on pre-experiments, the socket shape, cylinder speed, vacuum degree, and air-blowing strength were the main impact factors of the metering device performance. In bench test, the hybrid rice bud seed Huanghuazhan, which had been pre-germinated with the moisture content of 21.65%-23.73%(wet basis), was selected as experimental material and the effects of the four main impact factors on miss-seeding rate, qualified rate and reseeding rate of seeding were studied by four factors and three-level orthogonal experimental design. The results indicated that the order affecting miss-seeding rate (less than 2 seeds per hole), qualified rate (2-4 seeds per hole) and reseeding rate (more than 4 seeds per hole) was socket shape>cylinder speed>air-blowing strength>vacuum degree. The optimal combination parameters were conical socket shape, cylinder speed with 10 r/min, air-blowing strength with 17.03 m/s and vacuum degree with 4 kPa. Under the condition of the optimal combination parameters, the miss-seeding rate, qualified rate and reseeding rate were 3.6%, 85.47%and 10.93%, respectively. Meanwhile, the cavity rate was 0.4%, the average hole distance was 199.37 mm (theoretical hole distance was 200 mm), the variation coefficient of hole distance was 6.1%, the seed breakage rate was 1.08%and the seeding quality meet the precise direct seeding requirements of hybrid rice. The seeding adaptability experiment was carried out under the same conditions with three hybrid rice bud seeds (Gangyou 364, Shanyou 63 and Fengyuanyou 272), whose overall dimension existed some differences from each other. All the miss-seeding rates were less than 4%, all the qualified rates were more than 85.07%, all the cavity rates were less than 0.67%, the average hole distances were 200.51, 200.48 and 200.07 mm, respectively;the variation coefficient of hole distances were 4.46%, 4.61%and 5.67%respectively, the seed breakage rates were 0.67%, 0.34% and 0.64%, respectively. Experiment results indicated that when planting different hybrid rice,the conical socket had a certain adaptability with the auxiliary of flexible seed clearing rope and seed clearing air nozzle. Although the seeding performance should be further improved, the miss-seeding and cavity rates were lower, the seed breakage rates were small, the suctions were never plugged, which indicated that the features of metering device had extensive application prospect. The research provides a theoretical reference for the design of socket-type precision direct seed-metering device for rice.
