CAJ | 학술논문

由于缺少面向作业终端的循环工况，装载机的节能机理及其仿真研究难以深入地开展，该文基于试验数据创建了装载机循环工况，从装载机作业终端描述了其作业过程中最基本的能耗规律。首先，利用数理统计的方法从装载机的工作循环试验数据中萃取了行驶车速、行驶阻力、整机质量和液压阻力矩等4方面的特征数据，然后，将这些特征数据分别置于4个独立的坐标轴上，在同一时间序列上创建了面向作业终端动力需求的装载机循环工况，最后，通过交叉验证试验检验了该循环工况有效性。面向作业终端的循环工况不仅为装载机节能机理研究、仿真研究和混合动力等装载机的开发提供必要的数据支持，同时也为传统装载机的性能试验提供统一的规范和标准。
유우결소면향작업종단적순배공황，장재궤적절능궤리급기방진연구난이심입지개전，해문기우시험수거창건료장재궤순배공황，종장재궤작업종단묘술료기작업과정중최기본적능모규률。수선，이용수리통계적방법종장재궤적공작순배시험수거중췌취료행사차속、행사조력、정궤질량화액압조력구등4방면적특정수거，연후，장저사특정수거분별치우4개독립적좌표축상，재동일시간서렬상창건료면향작업종단동력수구적장재궤순배공황，최후，통과교차험증시험검험료해순배공황유효성。면향작업종단적순배공황불부위장재궤절능궤리연구、방진연구화혼합동력등장재궤적개발제공필요적수거지지，동시야위전통장재궤적성능시험제공통일적규범화표준。
The wheel loader simulation analysis needs oriented operating terminals duty cycle to set the virtual reality environment, and the energy-saving potential research of hybrid or other new type wheel loader should also be based on the duty cycle. But there is no wheel loader duty cycle to date, which obstructs the energy-saving mechanism and simulation research about wheel loader. An oriented operating terminals duty cycle was established based on wheel loader working test data, and the duty cycle described the basic energy consumption rules of wheel loader operating terminals. A CLG862Ⅲwheel loader was used for the working test, with the rate load of 6 ton. The testing data was collected at all the operating terminals, the wheel loader worked with two typical materials in the working test, one material was soft earth and the other was raw earth. In order to avoid the difference caused by operators, two operators were engaged in operating the wheel loader, and every test was required to work more than 60 cycles continuously. Ninety percent of the test data was used for relevant features extracting and duty cycle establishment. Statistical analysis was used to extract relevant features from working testing data, the relevant features included 4 series vehicle velocity series, running resistance series, machine weight series and hydraulic resistance torque series. The relevant features were expressed on 4 separate coordinates at the same time sequence to establish wheel loader duty cycle. The duty cycle was established according to the following process:1) the time sequence was divided into 5 phases on the vehicle velocity coordinate, including:run to pile, input pile, loading backward, run to truck and unload return phase; 2) the 4 transport phases were expressed as vehicle velocity polyline trapeziums by the relevant features, including: the highest velocity, the second highest velocity, maximum acceleration, maximum deceleration and phase continuance time phase continuance time;3) the input pile phase was combined with running into pile phase as one unit;4) a smooth vehicle velocity curve was generated by the means of 4 order fitting;5) the vehicle velocity curve was amended with the constraint condition of wheel loader operated in fix location, that means wheel loader forward driving distance equaled to backward driving distance when it was working; 6) the input resistance relevant features were expressed on the running resistance coordinate, and its time sequence was corresponding with input pile phase; 7) the loading relevant features were expressed on the machine weight coordinate, with load phase started at the beginning of input pile phase and ended at the beginning of unload return phase; 8) 3 steering phases were expressed on the hydraulic resistance torque coordinate, the steering phases were located in the middle of run to pile, loading backward and unload return phase respectively;9) tilt bucket phase relevant features were expressed on the hydraulic resistance torque coordinate, it was 0.5 s behind input pile phase beginning; 10) lift & steering phase relevant features were expressed on the hydraulic resistance torque coordinate, and it started at the beginning of run to truck phase. The remaining ten percent test data was used to validate the duty cycle. The results showed that duty cycle could accurately describe wheel loader operating terminals power requirement. The wheel loader duty cycle could provide power requirement data for the parameter matching of hybrid driving wheel loader and new types of wheel loader power-train. It could also be used for computer simulation including dynamic analysis. At the same time, it could offer a detailed and unified experimental standard for traditional wheel loader performance testing.