CAJ | 학술논문

CRISPR-Cas （ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins）系统为细菌与古生菌中抵御外源病毒或质粒DNA入侵的获得性免疫系统。该系统在crRNA的指导下，使核酸酶Cas识别并降解外源DNA。其中，Ⅱ型CRISPR-Cas系统最为简单，仅包括一个核酸酶Cas9与tracrRNA：crRNA二聚体便可完成其生物功能。基于CRISPR-Cas9的基因组编辑技术的核心为将tracrRNA：crRNA设计为引导RNA，在引导RNA的指导下Cas9定位于特定DNA序列上，进行DNA双链切割，实现基因组的定向编辑。 CRISPR-Cas9系统以设计操纵简便、编辑高效与通用性广等优势成为新一代基因组编辑技术，为基因组定向改造调控与应用等带来突破性革命。从CRISPRC-as 9介导的基因组编辑技术的发展与应用等方面综述其最新研究进展，并着重介绍该技术的关键影响因素，为相关研究者提供参考。
CRISPR-Cas （ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins）계통위세균여고생균중저어외원병독혹질립DNA입침적획득성면역계통。해계통재crRNA적지도하，사핵산매Cas식별병강해외원DNA。기중，Ⅱ형CRISPR-Cas계통최위간단，부포괄일개핵산매Cas9여tracrRNA：crRNA이취체편가완성기생물공능。기우CRISPR-Cas9적기인조편집기술적핵심위장tracrRNA：crRNA설계위인도RNA，재인도RNA적지도하Cas9정위우특정DNA서렬상，진행DNA쌍련절할，실현기인조적정향편집。 CRISPR-Cas9계통이설계조종간편、편집고효여통용성엄등우세성위신일대기인조편집기술，위기인조정향개조조공여응용등대래돌파성혁명。종CRISPRC-as 9개도적기인조편집기술적발전여응용등방면종술기최신연구진전，병착중개소해기술적관건영향인소，위상관연구자제공삼고。
CRISPR-Cas ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) systems are the adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea that defends against infectious viruses and plasmids.Immunity is mediated by Cas nucleases, which use small RNA guides ( the crRNAs) to specify a cleavage site within the genome of invading nucleic acids. In typeⅡCRISPR-Cas systems, the DNA-cleaving activity is performed by a single enzyme Cas9 guided by an RNA duplex. Using synthetic single RNA guides, Cas9 can be reprogrammed to create specific double-stranded DNA breaks in the genomes of a variety of organisms, ranging from human cells to bacteria, and thus constitutes a powerful tool for genetic engineering.In this review, we described the development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 system with highlighting the practical considerations for implementing CRISPR-Cas9 technology.