现代远程教育研究
現代遠程教育研究
현대원정교육연구
MODERN DISTANCE EDUCATION RESEARCH
2015年
1期
82-89,97
,共9页
五星教学原理%微课%教学设计%应用模板%教学效用
五星教學原理%微課%教學設計%應用模闆%教學效用
오성교학원리%미과%교학설계%응용모판%교학효용
5-Star Teaching Principle%Micro-Courses%Teaching Design%Application Templates%Teaching Effectiveness
当前微课教学实践逐步走向深入，但存在只注重内容的呈现形式、忽视教学原理指导下的教学设计等问题，严重影响了微课资源使用的教学效能。另外，虽然多数高校教师都认为微课教学设计的方法和策略具有重要价值，但又难以找到可供参考和借鉴的教学设计模式，因此有必要从当代教学原理的根基中探寻微课的教学设计模式。当代著名的教学设计理论家梅瑞尔教授提出的“五星教学原理”，以聚焦解决问题为宗旨，强调将知识技能的掌握置于解决不同问题的情境中，在教学过程中突出激活旧知、示证新知、尝试应用和融会贯通的环节，旨在实现有效率的优质教学。这一教学原理为微课教学设计提供了理论和教学法指导。基于五星教学原理的微课教学设计模式应围绕具有任务特征的中心问题展开，通过激活旧知、示证新知、尝试应用、总结归纳、融会贯通5个阶段来组织微课教学。以《数据结构》中“队列的应用”为案例的实践证明：这种微课教学模式具有较好的教学性、效用性和通用性，可以为微课建设者提供设计开发的规范参考。
噹前微課教學實踐逐步走嚮深入，但存在隻註重內容的呈現形式、忽視教學原理指導下的教學設計等問題，嚴重影響瞭微課資源使用的教學效能。另外，雖然多數高校教師都認為微課教學設計的方法和策略具有重要價值，但又難以找到可供參攷和藉鑒的教學設計模式，因此有必要從噹代教學原理的根基中探尋微課的教學設計模式。噹代著名的教學設計理論傢梅瑞爾教授提齣的“五星教學原理”，以聚焦解決問題為宗旨，彊調將知識技能的掌握置于解決不同問題的情境中，在教學過程中突齣激活舊知、示證新知、嘗試應用和融會貫通的環節，旨在實現有效率的優質教學。這一教學原理為微課教學設計提供瞭理論和教學法指導。基于五星教學原理的微課教學設計模式應圍繞具有任務特徵的中心問題展開，通過激活舊知、示證新知、嘗試應用、總結歸納、融會貫通5箇階段來組織微課教學。以《數據結構》中“隊列的應用”為案例的實踐證明：這種微課教學模式具有較好的教學性、效用性和通用性，可以為微課建設者提供設計開髮的規範參攷。
당전미과교학실천축보주향심입，단존재지주중내용적정현형식、홀시교학원리지도하적교학설계등문제，엄중영향료미과자원사용적교학효능。령외，수연다수고교교사도인위미과교학설계적방법화책략구유중요개치，단우난이조도가공삼고화차감적교학설계모식，인차유필요종당대교학원리적근기중탐심미과적교학설계모식。당대저명적교학설계이론가매서이교수제출적“오성교학원리”，이취초해결문제위종지，강조장지식기능적장악치우해결불동문제적정경중，재교학과정중돌출격활구지、시증신지、상시응용화융회관통적배절，지재실현유효솔적우질교학。저일교학원리위미과교학설계제공료이론화교학법지도。기우오성교학원리적미과교학설계모식응위요구유임무특정적중심문제전개，통과격활구지、시증신지、상시응용、총결귀납、융회관통5개계단래조직미과교학。이《수거결구》중“대렬적응용”위안례적실천증명：저충미과교학모식구유교호적교학성、효용성화통용성，가이위미과건설자제공설계개발적규범삼고。
Currently, the micro-courses teaching practice is gradually deepening, but there are some problems like focusing only on the presentation of content with the teaching design under the guidance of the principle of teaching being ignored, which seriously decrease the teaching efficiency of using micro class resources. In addition, although the majority of college teachers think the method and strategy of micro teaching design is important and useful, it is difficult to find any available teaching design model for reference. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the teaching design model of micro-course from the foundation of contemporary teaching principle. Professor Merrill, a famous contemporary teaching design theorist has put forward "5-star teaching principle", focusing on the purpose of solving the problem and emphasizing the mastery of the skills in solving different problems. In the process of teaching, the"5-star teaching principle"highlights such aspects as activating old knowledge, demonstrating new knowledge, trying to apply and achieving mastery of knowledge in order to achieve efficient quality teaching. This teaching principle provides theoretical and methodological guidance for micro teaching design. The pattern of micro teaching design based on the 5-star teaching principle should be developed around the center problem with task feature, and organize the micro teaching through 5 stages of activating old knowledge, demonstrating new knowledge, trying to apply, summarizing and achieving mastery of knowledge. The practice in the case of Application of Queue in"Data Structure"has proved that this mode of micro teaching has good teaching effectiveness and universality and it provides a normative reference of design and development for micro class constructors.
