浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）
浙江師範大學學報（社會科學版）
절강사범대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG NORMAL UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES)
2015年
1期
22-34
,共13页
李笠翁%出游%就食%苦游%苦中之乐
李笠翁%齣遊%就食%苦遊%苦中之樂
리립옹%출유%취식%고유%고중지악
Li Liweng%travelling%food searching%hard journey%joys among bitterness
李笠翁一生不断搬家和出游，自谓“一生多半在车船”，当是实录。单说长游，就有五次：最早的一次是康熙三四年间游粤；紧接着是康熙五至七年游京师连着游晋秦；回金陵住了一年多后，于康熙九年游闽；又隔一年，游楚；最后是康熙十二至十三年第二次游京师。此外，笠翁还在68岁高龄时，于贫病交加之中作了一次湖州之游。在别人，外出大都是“乐”游；而在笠翁，则是“苦”游。在别人，是衣食无忧，到外面长见识，增阅历，或观赏大自然的美景；而在笠翁，则是去“就食”，即像牧民“逐水草而居”找饭吃。别人是“吃饱了饭”去游玩“消食”；而笠翁却是“饿着肚子”出游“找食”，自谓“为饥驱而走四方”。当然，“苦”中有乐，“饥驱四方，遍历名胜”；同时也有收获———除“化缘”得“食”之外，还收获了诗文，也收获了友谊。但是，笠翁出游，“苦”是主打，“乐”是陪衬；“苦”是正业，“乐”是副产品。
李笠翁一生不斷搬傢和齣遊，自謂“一生多半在車船”，噹是實錄。單說長遊，就有五次：最早的一次是康熙三四年間遊粵；緊接著是康熙五至七年遊京師連著遊晉秦；迴金陵住瞭一年多後，于康熙九年遊閩；又隔一年，遊楚；最後是康熙十二至十三年第二次遊京師。此外，笠翁還在68歲高齡時，于貧病交加之中作瞭一次湖州之遊。在彆人，外齣大都是“樂”遊；而在笠翁，則是“苦”遊。在彆人，是衣食無憂，到外麵長見識，增閱歷，或觀賞大自然的美景；而在笠翁，則是去“就食”，即像牧民“逐水草而居”找飯喫。彆人是“喫飽瞭飯”去遊玩“消食”；而笠翁卻是“餓著肚子”齣遊“找食”，自謂“為饑驅而走四方”。噹然，“苦”中有樂，“饑驅四方，遍歷名勝”；同時也有收穫———除“化緣”得“食”之外，還收穫瞭詩文，也收穫瞭友誼。但是，笠翁齣遊，“苦”是主打，“樂”是陪襯；“苦”是正業，“樂”是副產品。
리립옹일생불단반가화출유，자위“일생다반재차선”，당시실록。단설장유，취유오차：최조적일차시강희삼사년간유월；긴접착시강희오지칠년유경사련착유진진；회금릉주료일년다후，우강희구년유민；우격일년，유초；최후시강희십이지십삼년제이차유경사。차외，립옹환재68세고령시，우빈병교가지중작료일차호주지유。재별인，외출대도시“악”유；이재립옹，칙시“고”유。재별인，시의식무우，도외면장견식，증열력，혹관상대자연적미경；이재립옹，칙시거“취식”，즉상목민“축수초이거”조반흘。별인시“흘포료반”거유완“소식”；이립옹각시“아착두자”출유“조식”，자위“위기구이주사방”。당연，“고”중유악，“기구사방，편력명성”；동시야유수획———제“화연”득“식”지외，환수획료시문，야수획료우의。단시，립옹출유，“고”시주타，“악”시배츤；“고”시정업，“악”시부산품。
As he gave an account of himself in his poem ,“Half of my life has been in a carriage or a boat travelling”, which, can be a truthful depiction , Li Liweng(1611-1680 ) kept moving and travelling through-out his life .Long-distance travels alone amounted to five times:the earliest one was the journey to Yue ( cur-rently Guangdong province) during the third and fourth years under Kangxi ’s reign, right after which, was the tour from the Capital to Jin and Qin( currently Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province ) from the fifth to the sev-enth years under Kangxi ’ s reign; He went back to Jinling ( currently Nanjing city )then and stayed there for more than one year , and was on his way again to Min ( currently Fujian province ) in the ninth year under Kan-gxi’ s regin;One year later , he visited Chu ( currently central China and part of west China ); His final long journey was a revisit to the Capital during the twelfth and thirteenth years under Kangxi ’ s reign .Besides , e-ven when he was 68 years old, being sick and poverty-stricken, he had a trip to Huzhou city.A travel is most probably a happy event for most people , while for Liweng , it was a bitter experience;A journey is to see the world and enrich their life experiences , or to appreciate the splendid scenery of the Nature without worrying a-bout accommodations for others , while for Liweng , a journey was to find food , just like herdsmen , who have to“move from place to place in search of water and grass”;Others travel because they have to “help digestion”with a full stomach, while Liweng had to go out for food, with an empty stomach, which, as he indicated in his works ,“travelling around China driven by hunger”.It is sure that there were joys following hard life , as he said “hunger drove me to travel around, I, however , enjoyed places of scenic beauty”; by travelling a-round , he harvested not only food , but also literary works and friendship .To sum up , bitterness accompanied by joys in his travelling .
