CAJ | 학술논문

大豆孢囊线虫病是严重制约大豆生产的重要世界性病害，黑龙江省是我国大豆的主产区域之一，田间种植抗线3号生理小种的品种抗性已减弱甚至丧失，但线虫具体发生怎样的变异还不清楚。目前， Riggs和Schmit的鉴别标准已不能满足当前小种的鉴定，通过线虫的卵量来比较鉴别寄主的抗性差异可能将是更进一步分析小种变异的重要指标之一。本研究在田间鉴别寄主初步鉴定变异的地块，采取了安达地区两个地点的土样进行单孢囊分离培养和温室生理小种鉴定，同时也采取了山东泰安4号生理小种的田间土样作为对照。每个土样进行单孢囊繁殖，然后扩繁接种鉴别寄主，35 d～40 d后调查植株根表和土壤里的雌虫总数，再研磨雌虫收集卵量。利用孢囊的雌虫指数温室盆栽结果鉴定出安达的两个土样和山东的样品都是4号生理小种，但是通过线虫卵量和对照感病品种Lee比较，却发现安达的两个样品和山东的4号样品有很大的差异。田间初步实验和温室盆栽鉴定结果表明安达地区3号生理小种已经发生变异，温室试验表明该地区存在4号小种，且小种的毒性有明显的分化。图2，表2，参15。
대두포낭선충병시엄중제약대두생산적중요세계성병해，흑룡강성시아국대두적주산구역지일，전간충식항선3호생리소충적품충항성이감약심지상실，단선충구체발생즘양적변이환불청초。목전， Riggs화Schmit적감별표준이불능만족당전소충적감정，통과선충적란량래비교감별기주적항성차이가능장시경진일보분석소충변이적중요지표지일。본연구재전간감별기주초보감정변이적지괴，채취료안체지구량개지점적토양진행단포낭분리배양화온실생리소충감정，동시야채취료산동태안4호생리소충적전간토양작위대조。매개토양진행단포낭번식，연후확번접충감별기주，35 d～40 d후조사식주근표화토양리적자충총수，재연마자충수집란량。이용포낭적자충지수온실분재결과감정출안체적량개토양화산동적양품도시4호생리소충，단시통과선충란량화대조감병품충Lee비교，각발현안체적량개양품화산동적4호양품유흔대적차이。전간초보실험화온실분재감정결과표명안체지구3호생리소충이경발생변이，온실시험표명해지구존재4호소충，차소충적독성유명현적분화。도2，표2，삼15。
Soybean cyst nematodes ( SCN) is one of most important diseases to cause severe yield loss on soybean each year in the world.Heilongjiang Province is one of the major production areas of soybean in China.Reduced or lost resistance to major SCN race 3 for some resistant variety was observed in the field.Yet it was not clear how SCN races changed in the field.Currently,the identification method of SCN races by Riggs and Schmitt has its limitation.The comparison of resistance by using egg production from cysts might be another important indicator.In this study,two soil samples were collected from the field where the SCN races were changed with initial identification in the field.SCN race 4 collected from Shandong was as control.Single cyst from each soil samples was cultured and repro-duced in susceptible soybean.Then differential hosts were inoculated and numbers of cysts in the soil and on the root were investigated 35-40 days after inoculation.Eggs were collected from these cysts.Two samples from Anda District were identified as SCN race 4 based on the female index ,which was same as SCN race 4 from Shandong.However ,dramatic variation in the number of eggs per plant was identified between SCN race 4 from Shandong and the two samples from Anda.Yet both the field test and greenhouse test consistent-ly showed variation of SCN races from race 3.The greenhouse test suggested the two samples might be race 4,but with virulence differ-ence compared with race 4 from Shandong based on the number of eggs per plant.