CAJ | 학술논문

目的针对大豆产量提升过程中随种植密度增加而引发的倒伏问题，开展不同群体结构下，大豆植株抗倒性状的综合比较研究。方法以大豆新品种吉农30和吉农40为材料，通过设定5个种植密度，研究茎秆及根系的抗倒机制。结果和结论种植密度改变了群体的内部结构，随着密度的增加，倒伏逐渐加重且与低密度差异显著。高密度群体结构下，节间长度增长趋势较低密度明显、低节位单位茎长鲜质量小于高节位，而低密度下则表现相反；随密度增加，低节位茎粗、节间鲜质量降低幅度较高节位明显。可见，茎秆1～5节的物质分配发生了变化，这些性状的改变削弱了植株的抗倒能力。茎秆抗倒性状表现为：茎秆压碎强度、抗倒指数、单位茎长鲜质量随密度增加显著降低，与倒伏呈极显著负相关；而株高／茎粗、重心高度、节间长度显著增加，与倒伏呈极显著正相关。地下部根系的根瘤数、根干质量和伤流量等随密度的增加而逐渐降低，与倒伏呈负相关，其中倒伏级数与伤流量、根干质量相关系数最高，达极显著水平。本试验得出地上部茎秆压碎强度、抗倒指数和地下部根系伤流量、根干质量与倒伏关系最为密切，用其判断大豆植株的综合抗倒伏能力是可行的；大豆群体在轻、中度茎倒伏的情况下，植株具备一定的自我恢复能力。
목적침대대두산량제승과정중수충식밀도증가이인발적도복문제，개전불동군체결구하，대두식주항도성상적종합비교연구。방법이대두신품충길농30화길농40위재료，통과설정5개충식밀도，연구경간급근계적항도궤제。결과화결론충식밀도개변료군체적내부결구，수착밀도적증가，도복축점가중차여저밀도차이현저。고밀도군체결구하，절간장도증장추세교저밀도명현、저절위단위경장선질량소우고절위，이저밀도하칙표현상반；수밀도증가，저절위경조、절간선질량강저폭도교고절위명현。가견，경간1～5절적물질분배발생료변화，저사성상적개변삭약료식주적항도능력。경간항도성상표현위：경간압쇄강도、항도지수、단위경장선질량수밀도증가현저강저，여도복정겁현저부상관；이주고／경조、중심고도、절간장도현저증가，여도복정겁현저정상관。지하부근계적근류수、근간질량화상류량등수밀도적증가이축점강저，여도복정부상관，기중도복급수여상류량、근간질량상관계수최고，체겁현저수평。본시험득출지상부경간압쇄강도、항도지수화지하부근계상류량、근간질량여도복관계최위밀절，용기판단대두식주적종합항도복능력시가행적；대두군체재경、중도경도복적정황하，식주구비일정적자아회복능력。
[Objective] To solve the problem of lodging with density increase in the soybean production improving process and the soybean lodging-resistance characters in different population structures .[Method] Five levels of planting densities were designed to study the lodging-resistance mechanisms of stem and root selecting the new soybean varieties of Jinong 30 and Jinong40 as the tested materials .[Re-sult and conclusion] Density could change the inner structure of plant population .With the population density increasing , lodging aggravated gradually and the difference was significant compared with the low density .In the high density population structure , the internode length became obviously long compared with the low density;the fresh mass unit stem length of basal internodes was lower than that of upper in -ternodes , and low density was opposite .With the density increasing , the decreasing range of basal stem diameter and fresh mass was more obvious than that of upper internodes .The matter distribution of stem basal from the first to the fifth internodes was changed , which weakened the lodging resistance of the plant.The stem lodging-resistance characters were as follows:with the plant density increasing , the stem crushing strength , stem lodging-resistant index and fresh mass unit stem length decreased significantly;there were significantly negative correlations between all above indexes and lodging ; the plant height/stem diameter , height of gravity center , internode length/diameter increased significantly , and there were significant positive correlations .The root nodule number , root dry mass and bleeding amount of soybeans decreased with the density increasing , and there were negative correlations , the correlations between lodging series and bleeding amount and root dry mass reached an extremely significant level with the high -est correlation coefficients .The experiment showed that the above-ground stem crushing strength , tem lodging-resistant index , the root bleeding amount and root dry mass most closely correlated with lodging , which was feasible to measure the plant lodging-resistance capacity .Moreover, the soybean plant had a certain self-recovering capability under mild and moderate lodging conditions .