CAJ | 학술논문

为了探索田间不适用烟叶的无公害化处理，设计了一套集烟叶收集、粉碎、高温杀毒和发酵生产有机肥的操作流程。针对烟叶的特点进行了设备的选型和研发，并在工程化高温发酵处理烟叶生产肥料试验的基础上，进行了经济效益的分析。结果表明：在对田间不适用烟叶物料粉碎时，利用大辊刀式粉碎机粉碎含水量为40%的烟叶，粉碎后的物料颗粒均匀；粉碎鲜烟叶时，使用集挤压、切割和揉搓为一体的粉碎设备，粉碎秸秆与鲜烟质量比为3︰1时，能够满足高温发酵的需求；所使用的高温 AAT 有效微生物菌剂活力在100～120℃之间时，发酵效果最佳；发酵后得到有机肥料的有机质含量为56.9%，远远高于如小麦、稻谷和玉米等一般秸秆的含量；成品肥料中虫卵的清除率为100%，没有检测出病毒病害；每个基地单元实施该工程后，每年的直接效益38.99～43.38万元。
위료탐색전간불괄용연협적무공해화처리，설계료일투집연협수집、분쇄、고온살독화발효생산유궤비적조작류정。침대연협적특점진행료설비적선형화연발，병재공정화고온발효처리연협생산비료시험적기출상，진행료경제효익적분석。결과표명：재대전간불괄용연협물료분쇄시，이용대곤도식분쇄궤분쇄함수량위40%적연협，분쇄후적물료과립균균；분쇄선연협시，사용집제압、절할화유차위일체적분쇄설비，분쇄갈간여선연질량비위3︰1시，능구만족고온발효적수구；소사용적고온 AAT 유효미생물균제활력재100～120℃지간시，발효효과최가；발효후득도유궤비료적유궤질함량위56.9%，원원고우여소맥、도곡화옥미등일반갈간적함량；성품비료중충란적청제솔위100%，몰유검측출병독병해；매개기지단원실시해공정후，매년적직접효익38.99～43.38만원。
In order to study the harmless treatment style of the disuse tobacco leaves in the field, organic fertilizers by high temperature fermentation is developed, and that how to collect and smash by machinery and equipment is tested also. The results show that:when 40%moisture content of tobacco leaves is cut by big stick with cuter, or raw straw material to fresh tobacco is 3︰1 smashed by crusher integrated extrusion, cutting and grinding equipment, uniform particles after crushed will be able to meet the needs of high-temperature fermentation; effective temperature that AAT microbial fermentation has higher vigor is used between 100~120 ℃; content of organic matter of organic fertilizer made by disuse tobacco leaves through high-temperature fermentation processing is higher than the general straw such as wheat, rice and maize content, of which is reaching 56.9%with nitrogen of 2.63%; clearance rate of insect eggs in organic fertilizers is 100%, and disease virus for example TMV is not detected;if the project is utilized by each tobacco base unit in china, the annual direct benefits would be 389 900~433 800 RMB.